Waterpipe smoke: A considerable source of human exposure against furanic compounds

Schubert, J.; Bewersdorff, Jana; Luch, Andreas; Schulz, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.012

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Even Youtube videos, whose audiences are mostly adolescents and young adults, fail to provide information on harmful consequences and/or to provide explicit anti-smoking messages [56]. Recent investigations have attempted to characterize the chemical composition/combustion products of hookah smoke, as well as to compare its health impact to that of cigarette smoke [57–60]. However, no consensus of safety has been reached in this regard.…”

Section: Health Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Changing Face of Tobacco Use Among United States Youth

Lauterstein

Hoshino

Gordon

et al. 2014

CDAR

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Tobacco use, primarily in the form of cigarettes, is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States (U.S.). The adverse effects of tobacco use began to be recognized in the 1940’s and new hazards of active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure from cigarettes continue to be identified to this day. This has led to a sustained and wide-ranging array of highly effective regulatory, public health, and clinical efforts that have been informed by extensive scientific data, resulting in marked decreases in the use of cigarettes. Unfortunately, the dramatic recent decline in cigarette use in the U.S., has been accompanied by an upsurge in adolescent and young adult use of new, non-cigarette tobacco and nicotine-delivery products, commonly referred to as alternative tobacco products (ATPs). Commonly used ATPs include hookah, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and electronic cigarettes. While there have been a number of review articles that focus on adult ATP use, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of what is, and is not known about emerging ATP use among U.S. adolescents on a national scale; as well as to identify research gaps in knowledge, and discuss future health and policy needs for this growing public health concern. This paper is not meant to systemically review all published survey data, but to present clear depiction of selected ATP usage in youth populations using national survey data.

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Section: Health Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies by Daher et al (2010) revealed that hookah smoke contains significantly larger amounts of PAHs, ultrafine particles, aldehydes, and carbon monoxide compared to cigarette smoke. Thus, hookah smoke emerges as a potentially serious public health hazard [57–60]. The method of waterpipe smoking also adds to public health risk.…”

Section: Health Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Face of Tobacco Use Among United States Youth

Lauterstein

Hoshino

Gordon

et al. 2014

CDAR

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“…Combustion sources of furans include biomass burning (6-9), cigarette and pipe smoke (10,11), waste incineration (12), electronic waste recycling (13,14), and volcanic activity (15). The polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are among the most notorious environmental pollutants, and the main source of PCDFs is biomass burning (6)(7)(8)(9)16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames

Johansson

Dillstrom

Monti

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Many oxygenated hydrocarbon species formed during combustion, such as furans, are highly toxic and detrimental to human health and the environment. These species may also increase the hygroscopicity of soot and strongly influence the effects of soot on regional and global climate. However, large furans and associated oxygenated species have not previously been observed in flames, and their formation mechanism and interplay with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are poorly understood. We report on a synergistic computational and experimental effort that elucidates the formation of oxygen-embedded compounds, such as furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons, during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. We used ab initio and probabilistic computational techniques to identify low-barrier reaction mechanisms for the formation of large furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons. We used vacuum-UV photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm these predictions. We show that furans are produced in the high-temperature regions of hydrocarbon flames, where they remarkably survive and become the main functional group of oxygenates that incorporate into incipient soot. In controlled flame studies, we discovered ∼100 oxygenated species previously unaccounted for. We found that large alcohols and enols act as precursors to furans, leading to incorporation of oxygen into the carbon skeletons of PAHs. Our results depart dramatically from the crude chemistry of carbonand oxygen-containing molecules previously considered in hydrocarbon formation and oxidation models and spearhead the emerging understanding of the oxidation chemistry that is critical, for example, to control emissions of toxic and carcinogenic combustion by-products, which also greatly affect global warming.furans | oxygenated hydrocarbons | soot | organic carbon | black carbon

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“…Heating the waterpipe tobacco (particularly the flavored ‘ma’aasel’) has also been reported to release a number of other chemical toxicants, including furanic compounds (Schubert et al, 2012a) and toxic carbonyls such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (Schubert et al, 2012b). Formaldehyde is a class 1 carcinogen (IARC, 2006), and acetaldehyde is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC, 1999).…”

Section: Toxicant Exposure and Physiological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Now is the time to advocate for interventions designed specifically to prevent and control waterpipe tobacco smoking

Lopez

Eissenberg

Jaafar

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors

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Waterpipe tobacco usage is spreading rapidly worldwide, with reports of more youth being waterpipe users compared to adults. In many areas of the world, waterpipe usage surpasses cigarette smoking. Waterpipes and cigarettes are both mechanisms for inhalation of tobacco smoke and therefore have serious health consequences. However, because of the many differences between the two products, prevention and control strategies that have proven effective for cigarettes may not transfer readily to waterpipe. This report highlights the differences between waterpipes and cigarettes in toxicant exposure and physiologic effects, patterns of use, social norms, the extent of evidence, and the policy environment. There is little evidence to date around effective interventions for waterpipe prevention and control. The current state of evidence for intervention to curb or control waterpipe is at ground zero and critically needs attention from both scientists and policy makers. National and global efforts aimed at cigarette prevention have succeeded, particularly in developed countries. We suggest the time has come to harness what we know works for cigarette prevention and control and adapt it to tackle the growing epidemic of waterpipe tobacco use.

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Waterpipe smoke: A considerable source of human exposure against furanic compounds

Cited by 45 publications

References 39 publications

The Changing Face of Tobacco Use Among United States Youth

The Changing Face of Tobacco Use Among United States Youth

Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames

Now is the time to advocate for interventions designed specifically to prevent and control waterpipe tobacco smoking

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