Watermarking digital images for copyright protection

Boland, Frank; O'Ruanaidh, Joséph John; Dautzenberg, C.

doi:10.1049/cp:19950674

Cited by 96 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Several methods have been proposed in the literature to embed and hide fingerprints (watermarks) into different media and, depending on the function they are intended to serve, these watermarks can be invisible or visible [2], [3], [8], [9], [13], [29]. Though most watermarking methods are easy to defeat by collusion attacks, the spread spectrum watermarking method proposed in [9], where the watermarks have a component-wise Gaussian distribution and are statistically independent, was argued to be highly resistant to collusion attacks [9], [15].…”

Section: Anti-collusion Forensics Of Multimedia Fingerprinting Using mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-collusion forensics of multimedia fingerprinting using orthogonal modulation

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

144

118

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Abstract-Digital fingerprinting is a method for protecting digital data in which fingerprints that are embedded in multimedia are capable of identifying unauthorized use of digital content. A powerful attack that can be employed to reduce this tracing capability is collusion, where several users combine their copies of the same content to attenuate/remove the original fingerprints. In this paper, we study the collusion resistance of a fingerprinting system employing Gaussian distributed fingerprints and orthogonal modulation. We introduce the maximum detector and the thresholding detector for colluder identification. We then analyze the collusion resistance of a system to the averaging collusion attack for the performance criteria represented by the probability of a false negative and the probability of a false positive. Lower and upper bounds for the maximum number of colluders max are derived. We then show that the detectors are robust to different collusion attacks. We further study different sets of performance criteria, and our results indicate that attacks based on a few dozen independent copies can confound such a fingerprinting system. We also propose a likelihood-based approach to estimate the number of colluders. Finally, we demonstrate the performance for detecting colluders through experiments using real images.

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Section: Anti-collusion Forensics Of Multimedia Fingerprinting Using mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-collusion forensics of multimedia fingerprinting using orthogonal modulation

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

144

118

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“…Boland et. al [24] initiated the frequency-domain watermarking for the first time and Cox et. al [25], expanded perceptually adaptive techniques based on modulation.…”

Section: B Transform Domain Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Classification of Different Video Watermarking Techniques

Swaraja¹

2017

IJET

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Abstract-The progression of Internet services and a variety of storage technologies made video piracy as a rising difficulty principally with the promulgation of media distribution through the internet. Essentially digital watermarking entails in inserting secret signs recognized as watermarks inside video data which can be utilized later for copyright recognition as well as authentication confirmation purposes. This paper basically illustrates the classification of watermarking algorithms based on the domain in which the watermark has to be inserted. These algorithms exploits the spatial, frequency and compressed domain properties and characteristics while embedding the watermark with the objective of maintaining the better Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Correlation (NC) values along with Payload even after withstanding to numerous attacks. Major assessment entailed in watermarking approach is its design considerations, selection of apt watermarking methodology along with robustness.

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“…This method has good robustness properties, however, both the original image and the marked one are needed to check the mark. -In [2], an algorithm for invisibly marking an image is introduced. Here again, it is needed to have both the original image and the watermarked one to check the mark.…”

Section: Watermarking Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%