Water, Wood and Wild Animal Populations: Seeing the Spread of Rinderpest through the Physical Environment in Bechuanaland, 1896

Marquardt, Gary

doi:10.1080/02582470509464890

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Connectivity among populations has been implicated in enhancing spread of disease in multiple wildlife epizootics (Hess 1996, Marquardt 2005, Cleaveland et al 2008, Woodroffe et al 2012). An inadvertent consequence of road corridors could be facilitation of spread of disease as seen with other diseases and systems (Marquardt 2005, Eisenberg et al 2006, Xu et al 2014. Incorporating topography and landscape features is recommended when developing wildlife disease control tactics (Timischl 1984, Moore 1999, Rosatte et al 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger home ranges and core areas for road foxes, greater average movement distances of road versus non‐road foxes, and longer movements near roads suggest that primary roads may serve as transmission corridors for pathogens in the fox population on San Clemente Island. Connectivity among populations has been implicated in enhancing spread of disease in multiple wildlife epizootics (Hess , Marquardt , Cleaveland et al , Woodroffe et al ). An inadvertent consequence of road corridors could be facilitation of spread of disease as seen with other diseases and systems (Marquardt , Eisenberg et al , Xu et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Island fox spatial ecology and implications for management of disease

et al. 2016

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Disease, predation, and genetic isolation resulted in 4 of 6 island fox (Urocyon littoralis) subspecies being listed as endangered in 2004. Potential for disease outbreaks continues to pose a major threat to the persistence of these isolated, endemic populations. We examined how roads influence the spatial ecology of San Clemente Island foxes (U. l. clementae), particularly in regard to spread of disease, to provide management recommendations for preventing or minimizing a disease outbreak on San Clemente Island, California, USA. Home range areas (truex¯ = 0.75 km2) and core areas (truex¯ = 0.19 km2) of foxes on San Clemente Island were 0.36–1.23 and 2.17 times larger, respectively, than estimates from Santa Cruz Island foxes (U. l. santacruzae). Home ranges and core areas were 78% larger and 73% larger, respectively, for foxes near roads than for foxes away from roads. Home ranges were also largest when foxes were not caring for offspring (i.e., seasons of pup‐independence and breeding). We did not detect any dispersal movements, but foxes living near roads moved 33% farther in 2‐hours periods than foxes not living near roads. Foxes near roads move faster, range more widely, and could more rapidly spread a pathogen throughout the island; therefore, roads might serve as transmission corridors. We recommend reducing this risk by increasing widths of vaccination firewalls (areas where vaccination is used to induce a disease‐resistant or immune population of foxes), ensuring these areas deliberately intersect roads, and vaccinating a higher proportion of foxes living near roads. Disease risk models incorporating these strategies could inform the lowest risk scenarios. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Island fox spatial ecology and implications for management of disease

et al. 2016

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“…Cattle populations in south-eastern Africa were in a vulnerable position at the outbreak of the Rinderpest panzootic, in part due to overstocking but also due to the establishment of colonial regulations concerning land access (Marquardt 2005). Drought-induced starvation of livestock is under-reported in comparison to crop failure in contemporary accounts and studies of the 1896 famine.…”

Section: The Cattle Plaguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…xli In some areas, such as Kuruman (CCBL) and south-eastern Transvaal, cattle were in such bad condition that substantial numbers succumbed to pleuro-pneumoniaincluding around half the livestock on farms in the Vryheid district (SAR) Macnab 1897xlii This was not the first -or indeed last -time in southern Africa that drought had contributed to the loss of cattle due to starvation and ensuing disease; substantial livestock losses followed the drought episodes in the late 1870s (de Kiewiet 1941;Lambert 1989) and the 1930s (Beinart 2003). Marquardt (2005) and Spinage (2012) consider drought to be a factor in the spread of Rinderpest through the reduction of watering points and feeding grounds, which would have raised the potential for infective contacts between livestock and also with susceptible wild species. In eastern Africa, where the disease wrought havoc on the cattle stock between 1887 and 1892, its march was often also accompanied by dry conditions (Hamilton Johnson 1988, Nicholson 2012, Serels 2018, Spinage 2003, Spinage 2012).…”

Section: The Cattle Plaguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An almost total loss of cattle was observed in Rhodesia (Spinage 2012); in BLP, a conservative estimate ranges from 90-97%; xliii in CCBL, 97% of cattle were destroyed (Marquardt 2005); and Boers and Africans in western Transvaal probably lost 95% or more of their cattle. xliv In an attempt to 'stamp out the disease', herds under British control outside native reserves were shot when some animals had become infected until late 1896 (Gilfoyle 2003;Saker and Aldridge 1971).…”

Section: The Cattle Plaguementioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of drought in agrarian crisis and social change: the famine of the 1890s in south-eastern Africa

et al. 2019

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During the second half of the 1890s, southeastern Africa was hit by a drought-driven ecological crisis. Using records previously unexploited for climate and climate impact research, and which cover the area from modern-day Zimbabwe and Botswana to eastern South Africa, this study explores the complexity of this crisis through an analysis of the spatial extent, duration and severity of the regional drought, and its associated socioeconomic and environmental repercussions. This interdisciplinary study stands at the nexus of environmental, economic and social history. The records used include (i) British administrative sources, (ii) reports and letters by members of various Protestant missionary societies from diverse environments across the study area, together with (iii) local newspapers. Analysis of these materials reveals that generally the period was marked by a sequence of considerably delayed rainy seasons, which in turn negatively impacted upon the rainfed agriculture. Below average levels of summer rainfall also adversely affected the development of young crops. The drought was more severe and continuous in the interior of the region than towards the Indian Ocean coast. The prolonged dry conditions were accompanied by, and likely exacerbated, locust outbreaks and the spread of cattle plague (Rinderpest). We demonstrate in this paper that drought, as the original driver of the crisis, triggered a cascade of responses from harvest failure to famine and ultimately led to profound socioeconomic change.

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Sanitize the Man, Sanitize the Car: COVID-19 Disease Control in Botswana

Aiyuk

Molosiwa

2023

Journal of Developing Societies

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COVID-19 has dominated global health since it became a global pandemic in early 2020. It has stressed global health systems and pushed many other health concerns to the back burner. There is an urgent need to look for innovative ways to tackle the pandemic in a sustainable and transferrable manner. This article examines the COVID-19 control measures in Botswana. It describes the innovative government actions taken to control the pandemic. It also presents the observations of the authors, who have observed these actions around the country. They report on the effectiveness of the control cordon belts and the disinfection of people and animals as well as the sanitizing of objects like shoes and cars that pass across the control boundaries. Based upon the effectiveness of the control measures in Botswana, the authors recommend an innovative disease control framework for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases which they contend is replicable in other countries.

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Water, Wood and Wild Animal Populations: Seeing the Spread of Rinderpest through the Physical Environment in Bechuanaland, 1896

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Island fox spatial ecology and implications for management of disease

Island fox spatial ecology and implications for management of disease

The role of drought in agrarian crisis and social change: the famine of the 1890s in south-eastern Africa

Sanitize the Man, Sanitize the Car: COVID-19 Disease Control in Botswana

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