Water wettability/non-wettability of polymer materials by molecular orbital studies

Fujinami, Akinori; Matsunaka, Daisuke; Shibutani, Yoji

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.11.050

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The surface energy was estimated from the measured contact angle by the equation of E ad = γ water (1 + cos θ ), where E ad , γ water and θ are surface energy, surface tension of pure water (water = 72.8mj/m2), and contact angle of polymer fi lm surface, respectively. [ 18 ] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Actuator Based on Microporous Conjugated Polymer with Intramolecular Stack Structure

et al. 2012

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Actuator Based on Microporous Conjugated Polymer with Intramolecular Stack Structure

et al. 2012

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“…This is driven to some extent, but not solely, by a concentration gradient and may explain some of the incomplete retention observed at larger scale. [193], c [194], d [195], e [196], f [197], g [198], h [199], i [200], j [201], k [202], l [203], m [204].…”

Section: Micropollutant Sorption By Different Polymer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micropollutant sorption to membrane polymers: A review of mechanisms for estrogens

Schäfer

Akanyeti

Semiao

2011

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

246

140

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Organic micropollutants such as estrogens occur in water in increasing quantities from predominantly anthropogenic sources. In water such micropollutants partition not only to surfaces such as membrane polymers but also to any other natural or treatment related surfaces. Such interactions are often observed as sorption in treatment processes and this phenomenon is exploited in activated carbon filtration, for example. Sorption is important for polymeric materials and this is used for the concentration of such micropollutants for analytical purposes in solid phase extraction. In membrane filtration the mechanism of micropollutant sorption is a relatively new discovery that was facilitated through new analytical techniques. This sorption plays an important role in micropollutant retention by membranes although mechanisms of interaction are to date not understood. This review is focused on sorption of estrogens on polymeric surfaces, specifically membrane polymers. Such sorption has been observed to a large extent with values of up to 1.2 ng/cm(2) measured. Sorption is dependent on the type of polymer, micropollutant characteristics, solution chemistry, membrane operating conditions as well as membrane morphology. Likely contributors to sorption are the surface roughness as well as the microporosity of such polymers. While retention-and/or reflection coefficient as well as solute to effective pore size ratio-controls the access of such micropollutants to the inner surface, pore size, porosity and thickness as well as morphology or shape of inner voids determines the available area for sorption. The interaction mechanisms are governed, most likely, by hydrophobic as well as solvation effects and interplay of molecular and supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, π-cation/anion interactions, π-π stacking, ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions, the extent of which is naturally dependent on micropollutant and polymer characteristics. Systematic investigations are required to identify and quantify both relative contributions and strength of such interactions and develop suitable surface characterisation tools. This is a difficult endeavour given the complexity of systems, the possibility of several interactions taking place simultaneously and the generally weaker forces involved.

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“…71 [287] Polystyrene (PS) Goodfellow * * n 104 91 [284] Polypropylene (PP) Goodfellow * * n 42 95 [282] Polyethylene (HDPE) Goodfellow * * n 28 93-94 [282] Poly(2,6 dimethyl 1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)…”

Section: Adsorption On Different Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…73 [282] Cellulose (CEL) Sigma 24 [289] The polymers that constitute the TFC NF membranes, PSu, PET and PEN were found to adsorb less than 35% of the total initial mass available in the feed solution. However, a more in depth study with different polymer or surface area is necessary to permit the comparison of the degree of interaction between the different polymers and the hormone.…”

Section: Adsorption On Different Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogenic micropollutant adsorption dynamics onto nanofiltration membranes

Semiao

Schäfer

2011

Journal of Membrane Science

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Nanofiltration (NF) can be used in water and wastewater treatment as well as water recycling applications, removing micropollutants such as hormones. Due to their potential health risk it is vital to understand their removal mechanisms by NF membranes aiming at improving and developing more effective and efficient treatment processes. Although NF should be effective and efficient in removing small molecular sized compounds such as hormones, the occurrence of adsorption onto polymeric membranes results in performances difficult to predict and with reduced effectiveness and efficiency. This study aims firstly at defining, understanding and quantifying the relevant filtration operation parameters and, secondly, in identifying the physical mechanisms of momentum and mass transfer controlling the adsorption and transport of hormones onto polymeric NF membranes in cross-flow mode. The hormones estrone (E1) and 17-β-estradiol (E2) were chosen as they have very high endocrine disrupting potency. The NF membranes used and tested were the NF 270, NF 90, BW30, TFC-SR2 and TFC-SR3 since they have a wide span of pore sizes. The first step is to experimentally acquire the knowledge of how fluid flow hydrodynamics and mass transfer close to the membrane affect hormone adsorption. The focus will be particularly on the effect of operating pressure, circulating Reynolds numbers (based on channel height, Re h) and hormone feed concentration. These hydrodynamic parameters play an important role in concentration polarisation development at the membrane surface. A Re h increase from 400 to 1400 for the NF 270 membrane caused the total mass adsorbed of E1 and E2 to decrease from 1.5 to 1.3 ng.cm-2 and 0.7 to 0.5 ng.cm-2 , respectively. In contrast, a pressure increase from 5 to 15 bar yielded an increase in the adsorbed mass of E1 and E2 from 1.0 to 1.8 ng.cm-2 and 0.5 to 0.7 ng.cm-2 , respectively. Moreover, increasing hormone feed concentration caused an increase in the mass adsorbed for both hormones. These observations led to the conclusion that adsorption is governed by the initial concentration at the membrane surface which, in turn, depends on the hormone feed concentration, operating Re h and pressure. Membrane retention, however, depends on the initial polarisation v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Professor Andrea Schäfer for giving me the opportunity to do a PhD and the conditions to have the financial support for it. Her support, constructive criticism, ability to make me think and perseverance were essential to the success of this work. The difficult moments also turned out to be helpful and a valuable contribution to my personal and scientific maturity.

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Water wettability/non-wettability of polymer materials by molecular orbital studies

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Fluorescent Actuator Based on Microporous Conjugated Polymer with Intramolecular Stack Structure

Fluorescent Actuator Based on Microporous Conjugated Polymer with Intramolecular Stack Structure

Micropollutant sorption to membrane polymers: A review of mechanisms for estrogens

Estrogenic micropollutant adsorption dynamics onto nanofiltration membranes

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