Water‐Wave Driven Route Avoidance Warning System for Wireless Ocean Navigation

Abstract

meet big data transmission. [1][2][3] Intelligent transportation system based on IoTs includes wireless sensor, telecommunication network, safe driving warning. [4][5][6][7] For the overland traffic, the service is easy to be realized because of the strong power grid. However, the power supply of traffic warning system is limited on a vast sea area. Although some wireless warning devices like radio Aids-to-Navigation have been developed, they are generally powered by conventional batteries, which usually have limited lifetime and environmental issues. [8][9][10] Since ocean occupies 70% of the earth surface area and wave energy distributes vastly in these water bodies, it is promising to utilize the water wave energy as sustainable power supply. [11,12] Compared to other clean energy, water waves are also less affected by the alternating day and night as well as weather. [13,14] However, the capture of wave energy and the development of selfpowered navigation warning system is still difficult, due to the current technology limitation.Recently, the invention of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has offered an unprecedented approach to collect environmental energy. [15][16][17] Based on coupling effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, the TENG devices perform well in low-frequency resources harvesting. [18][19][20][21][22] Considering the massive amount on earth, the blue energy, which adopts TENG networks to collect wave energy, has been regarded as one of the major application fields of TENGs. [23,24] Accordingly, a series of TENG prototypes have been developed targeting wave energy harvesting. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Many kinds of novel materials and architectures are applied to these TENG prototypes, [28][29][30][31] and small electronics such as light-emitting diode indicators, thermometers have been driven by the harvested energy. [32,33] Although some wireless transmitters are also driven successfully by the TENG-based wave energy harvester, the transmission distance of which can only reach a few meters away. [34,35] Furthermore, the power supply circuits of these wireless transmission is not automatic but manual, which make these reported demonstrations hard to achieve really application value.In this work, a hybrid nanogenerator with TENG and electromagnetic generator (EMG) based on an optimized pendulum structure is reported to effectively harvest wave energy, used asThe internet of things in the context of the ocean is vitally important. For ships sailing on the wide ocean in adverse weather conditions, evasion of marine islands and reefs is crucial to ensure safe navigation. Here, a hybrid wave energy harvesting nanogenerator is proposed (HW-NG) as a power source for longdistance wireless transmission, and demonstrated a self-powered route avoidance warning system for ocean navigation. The HW-NG is developed based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and an electromagnetic generator (EMG), integrated by a pendulum structure. The TENG based on a contact-separation mode is designe...

Self-powered seesaw structured spherical buoys based on a hybrid triboelectric–electromagnetic nanogenerator for sea surface wireless positioning

“…As the swing amplitude increases, the sliding speed of the middle slider will improve accordingly as discussed previously, thus leading to the enhanced rate of change of the magnetic flux and the induced electromotive force, as well as the induced current. 34,42 According to Faraday's principle of electromagnetic induction, 43,44 the induced V oc and I sc can be given by:In which ϕ is the magnetic flux and N is the number of turns of the copper coils, B is the total magnetic flux density through the coil, S is the coil area, v is the velocity of the magnet, and R is the internal resistance of the coil. According to eqn (6) and (7), the V oc and I sc of the EMG are strongly proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux and the frequency, which is consistent with the experimental results.…”

Magnets Assisted Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Water Wave Energy

“…[34] Moreover, after constructed by TENG, sensor networks have shown great potential in the era of Internet of Things. [35][36][37][38][39][40] In general, the commercial application of TENG highly depends on its volume power density, [41,42] which is proportionally related to the space utilization and the triboelectric charge density. [43,44] And several attempts in structure design have been made to improve the volume power density of TENG, including the spring-assisted structure, [45] classical rolling spherical structure, [46] sea snake structure, [47] tower-like, [48] and bifilar-pendulum-assisted structure.…”

Multi‐Parameter Optimized Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based Self‐Powered Sensor Network for Broadband Aeolian Vibration Online‐Monitoring of Transmission Lines

“…Electric Internet of Things (eIoT) has been tremendously evolved with the advance of IoT, which involves trillions of distributed sensors being installed at various nodes for online‐monitoring the operation of the power grid. [ 1–4 ] The overhead transmission lines, regarded as the blood vessels in human body, play essential roles in energy transport and distribution as well as future “carbon emission reaching the peak and eventually carbon neutralization”. On the demands of high‐voltage delivery, the transmission lines are normally designed in extended span length and elevated height with wide cross‐section, which are vulnerable to the aeolian vibration produced by Von Karman vortex.…”