Water vending activities in developing countries

Whittington, Dale; Lauria, Donald T.; Okun, Daniel A.; Mu, Xinming

doi:10.1080/07900628908722429

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…While not previously documented on such a large scale for Central American cities, this pattern is well-known also from other developingcountry cities with poor tap water coverage and where water vending is the leading alternative for a majority of households; see, for example, Whittington et al (1989Whittington et al ( , 1990 for similar examples from Africa.…”

Section: The Water Demand Situation In Central American Citiesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Water markets and demand in Central American cities

Strand¹,

Walker

2005

Envir. Dev. Econ.

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We analyse data from sample surveys of water use and prices for households in 17 cities in Central America and Venezuela. In some of the cities, almost all sampled households have tap water, but in others many rely on nontap ('coping') sources. Coping households use less than one-fifth as much water as metered tap households do, face average water prices ten times as high, are much poorer, and face substantial water hauling costs. Water demand functions are estimated for metered tap households and coping households separately and jointly. Increasing block rates complicate estimation on metered tap households. Using 2SLS, we find price elasticities of water demand, with respect to both average and marginal water price, of about -0.3, with average price giving the greater partial effect. Coping demand has price elasticity closer to -0.1, and is also negatively affected by increased hauling costs. Estimations on the joint data indicate that the water connection itself explains most of the difference between tap and coping consumption and indicate serious problems in such data pooling.

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Section: The Water Demand Situation In Central American Citiesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Water markets and demand in Central American cities

Strand¹,

Walker

2005

Envir. Dev. Econ.

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“…Some authors have pointed out that water vendors are prevalent where utility services are poor (Whittington et al, 1989;Kijellen and McGranahan, 2006). The 2009 national census revealed that mobile water providers are becoming a prominent feature in Kenya's towns and cities (KNBS, 2009).…”

Section: Vended Water Is An Important Alternative Water Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Water accessibility and womens participation along the rural-urban gradient: A study in Lake Victoria Region, Kenya

Nzengya¹

2013

J. Geogr. Reg. Plann.

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Small towns and cities in Sub-Saharan Africa are emerging as hotspots of population growth. This paper considers the case of the small but rapidly growing town of Bondo in the Lake Victoria region of Kenya, and its surrounding peri-urban and rural settlements. The study objectives are to examine: a) alternative indicators of households' accessibility to improved water sources along the urban-rural gradient; b) households' water collection and storage practices; and c) women's involvement in community-level efforts to improve water-service provision. Data were collected through interviews of 307 women from urban, peri-urban and rural settlements in 2011. By studying different kinds of settlements in the same geographical region, the paper shows how each kind has its own unique characteristics and development needs. Results show that peri-urban settlements are not just an intermediate space between the rural and the urban; instead, these settlements pose very different kinds of challenges than those of their rural and urban counterparts. Despite efforts by donor and government agencies to promote participation among women, study results indicate that women participate only marginally, with lowest participation observed among women from peri-urban areas. Innovative ways that agencies can engage more women to improve water service are discussed.

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“…Several willingness to pay studies for domestic water supplies have also been conducted in developing countries (see Whittington et al, 1989;Briscoe et al, 1990;Whittington et al, 1990;Whittington et al, 1991;Altaf et al, 1992;Griffin et al, 1995). The primary focus of the international literature has been on the relatively high cost of water supply projects.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

USING CONTINGENT VALUATION AND BENEFIT TRANSFER TO EVALUATE WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT BENEFITS¹

Piper¹

1998

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Many water systems in small cities and rural areas throughout the United States are facing water quality and supply problems. These problems are typically not the result of an unexpected event, but are the result of growth trends or decreasing water quality experienced over several years. This analysis uses the contingent valuation and benefit transfer methods to evaluate the willingness to pay for a rural water system in northcentral Montana. Both of the procedures resulted in similar values, ranging from about $4.05 to $7.50 per household per month for urban residents and $5.40 to $11.50 per household per month for rural residents, which is equal to 11 percent to 23 percent of current average water costs. The willingness to pay estimates do not include non‐household water users. This analysis shows that useful planning information can be obtained from relatively inexpensive contingent valuation mail survey data and the benefit transfer method as long as the limitations of the data are understood. The willingness to pay for ensuring good quality rural water supplies in the future is likely to be low compared to the costs of extensive diversion and treatment systems. Willingness to pay estimates provide decision makers with information that can be used to avoid building a large water supply system that water users do not want to connect to because of high costs.

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Water vending activities in developing countries

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Water markets and demand in Central American cities

Water markets and demand in Central American cities

Water accessibility and womens participation along the rural-urban gradient: A study in Lake Victoria Region, Kenya

USING CONTINGENT VALUATION AND BENEFIT TRANSFER TO EVALUATE WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT BENEFITS¹

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Water vending activities in developing countries

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Water markets and demand in Central American cities

Water markets and demand in Central American cities

Water accessibility and womens participation along the rural-urban gradient: A study in Lake Victoria Region, Kenya

USING CONTINGENT VALUATION AND BENEFIT TRANSFER TO EVALUATE WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT BENEFITS1

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USING CONTINGENT VALUATION AND BENEFIT TRANSFER TO EVALUATE WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT BENEFITS¹