Water Vapour and Temperature Measurements by Raman Lidar in the Frame of the NDACC

Abstract

<jats:p>In November 2012, the University of BASILicata Raman Lidar system (BASIL) was approved to enter the International Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Since then measurements were routinely carried out on a once per week basis. This paper illustrates specific measurement examples from this effort, with a dedicated focus on temperature and water vapour measurements, with the ultimate goal to provide a characterization of the system performance. Case studies illustrated in this paper demonstrate the ability of BASIL to perform measurements of the temperature profile up to 50 km and of the water vapour mixing ratio profile up to 15 km, based on an integration time of 2 hours and a vertical resolution of 150 m, with measurement bias not exceeding 0.1 K and 0.1 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, respectively. Raman lidar measurements are compared with measurements from additional instruments, such as radiosondings and satellite sensors (IASI and AIRS), and with model re-analyses data (ECMWF and ECMWF-ERA). Comparisons in this paper cover the altitude interval up to 15 km for water vapour mixing ratio and up to 50 km for the temperature. Comparisons between BASIL and the different sensor/model data in terms of water vapour mixing ratio indicate a mean absolute/relative bias of -0.024 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>(or -3.9 %), 0.342 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>(or 36.8 %), 0.346 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (or 37.5 %), -0.297 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (or -25 %), -0.381 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (or -31 %), when compared with radisondings, AIRS, IASI, ECMWF, ECMWF-ERA, respectively. For what concerns the comparisons in terms of temperature measurements, these indicate a mean absolute bias between BASIL and the radisondings, AIRS, IASI, ECMWF, ECMWF-ERA of -0.04, 1.99, 0.48, 0.14, 0.62 K, respectively. Based on the available dataset and benefiting from the circumstance that the Raman lidar BASIL could be compared with all other sensor/model data, it has been possible to estimate the absolute bias of all sensors/datasets, this being 0.004 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>/0.30 K, 0.021 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>/-0.34 K, -0.35 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>/0.18 K, -0.346 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>/-1.63 K, 0.293 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>/-0.16 K and 0.377 g kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>/0.32 K in terms of water vapour mixing ratio/temperature for BASIL, the radisondings, IASI, AIRS, ECMWF, ECMWF-ERA, respectively.</jats:p>