Water Vapor Transport Associated with the Summertime North American Monsoon as Depicted by ECMWF Analyses

Schmitz, J. A.; Mullen, Steven L.

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1621:wvtawt>2.0.co;2

Cited by 155 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the present study, one potential cause of differences was isolated by making otherwise identical simulations with different representations of subgrid convection. A further important dissimilarity between the present study and the earlier studies of Berbery (2001) and Schmitz and Mullen (1996) is that, in this study, the MM5 model is operated in free-running regional climate mode rather than in assimilation mode. The forcing is provided by prescribing lateral boundary conditions and sea surface temperature, and the model evolves a climate in the modeled domain that is a nonlinear function of the boundary conditions and model physics parameterizations (Giorgi and Mearns 1999).…”

Section: Volume 4 J O U R N a L O F H Y D R O M E T E O R O Lmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Several authors have examined the atmospheric branch of the NAMS (e.g., Schmitz and Mullen 1996;Higgins et al 1997;Berbery 2001;Anderson and Roads 2001;Anderson et al 2000a) using analyzed or reanalyzed data. Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data at T106 spectral resolution, Schmitz and Mullen (1996) showed that moisture flux into the core NAM region of western Mexico and the southwestern United States is attributable to low-level stationary components traveling up the Gulf of California (GoC), while larger-scale circulation around the summertime continental anticyclone over the southeastern United States is subsequently responsible for transporting the moisture (generated by deep convection over the Sierra Madre Occidental) from midtropospheric levels, northward into the southwestern United States.…”

Section: Volume 4 J O U R N a L O F H Y D R O M E T E O R O Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there were substantial differences in the direction of the integrated moisture flux over the GoC between the analyses of Schmitz and Mullen (1996) and Berbery (2001). According to Berbery, these differences in flux fields are due to differences in the ''mesoscale nature'' of the analysis products and are attributable to the higher-resolution topography used in the EDAS model.…”

Section: Volume 4 J O U R N a L O F H Y D R O M E T E O R O Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrometeorological Response of the Modeled North American Monsoon to Convective Parameterization

2003

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This paper describes the second part of a study to document the sensitivity of the modeled regional moisture flux patterns and hydrometeorological response of the North American monsoon system (NAMS) to convective parameterization. Use of the convective parameterization schemes of Betts-Miller-Janjic, Kain-Fritsch, and Grell was investigated during the initial phase of the 1999 NAMS using version 3.4 of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) running in a pseudoclimate mode. Substantial differences in both the stationary and transient components of the moisture flux fields were found between the simulations, resulting in differences in moisture convergence patterns, precipitation, and surface evapotranspiration. Basin-average calculations of hydrologic variables indicate that, in most of the basins for which calculations were made, the magnitude of the evaporation-minus-precipitation moisture source/sink differs substantially between simulations and, in some cases, even the sign of the source/ sink changed. There are substantial differences in rainfall-runoff processes because the basin-average rainfall intensities, proportion of rainfall from convective origin, and the runoff coefficients differ between simulations. The results indicate that, in regions of sustained, deep convection, the selection of the subgrid convective parameterization in a high-resolution atmospheric model can potentially have a hydrometeorological impact in regional analyses, which is at least as important as the effect of land surface forcing.

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Section: Volume 4 J O U R N a L O F H Y D R O M E T E O R O Lmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Volume 4 J O U R N a L O F H Y D R O M E T E O R O Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volume 4 J O U R N a L O F H Y D R O M E T E O R O Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrometeorological Response of the Modeled North American Monsoon to Convective Parameterization

2003

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“…The convergence term is calculated from the moisture budget equation over the CCV [see details in Schmitz and Mullen (1996)] and the results above suggest that irrigation induces stronger divergence over the CCV during the JJA months, as shown in Fig. 9.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Irrigation over the California Central Valley on Regional Climate

Yang

Domínguez²,

Zeng

et al. 2017

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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Irrigation, while being an important anthropogenic factor affecting the local to regional water cycle, is not typically represented in regional climate models. An irrigation scheme is incorporated into the Noah land surface scheme of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model that has a calibrated convective parameterization and a tracer package is used to tag and track water vapor. To assess the impact of irrigation over the California Central Valley (CCV) on the regional climate of the U.S. Southwest, simulations are run (for three dry and three wet years) both with and without the irrigation scheme. Incorporation of the irrigation scheme resulted in simulated surface air temperature and humidity that were closer to observations, decreased depth of the planetary boundary layer over the CCV, and increased convective available potential energy. The result was an overall increase in precipitation over the Sierra Nevada range and the Colorado River basin during the summer. Water vapor rising from the irrigated region mainly moved northeastward and contributed to precipitation in Nevada and Idaho. Specifically, the results indicate increased precipitation on the windward side of the Sierra Nevada and over the Colorado River basin. The former is possibly linked to a sea-breeze-type circulation near the CCV, while the latter is likely associated with a wave pattern related to latent heat release over the moisture transport belt.

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“…The general balance equation for atmospheric water vapor, if the flux across the upper boundary, di¤usion, liquid and solid phase transport are neglected, can be expressed as (Schmitz and Mullen 1996):…”

Section: Atmospheric Water Vapor Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Change in Summer Water Vapor Transport over South China in Recent Decades

Wen

Zhou

2011

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This article investigated the long-term variation of the boreal summer (JJA) moisture circulation over South China (SC). The total precipitable water (TPW) and moisture convergence over SC have increased obviously, such trend is not a local phenomenon, but the result of large-scale circulation anomaly. In the past few decades, the water vapor transport from southern hemisphere and subtropical western Pacific is strengthened, while the northward transport over East Asia is weakened, leading enhanced moisture convergence over the Philippines and adjacent region. The net flux of SC shows no significant shift in the end of the 1970s which is widely acknowledged as ''climate shift'', but ascends remarkably after the early 1990s. This doesn't mean the moisture circulation over SC experiences no variation with the ''climate shift''. In fact, the relationship between total net flux with budgets of four boundaries had been modified in the end of the 1970s. The correlation of the net flux is highly negative with the budget of north boundary, and positive with the budget of west and east boundaries before 1979/80, but only highly positive with the budget of south boundary after 1979/80. This modification is closely related to the north-south migration of western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH).

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Water Vapor Transport Associated with the Summertime North American Monsoon as Depicted by ECMWF Analyses

Cited by 155 publications

References 24 publications

Hydrometeorological Response of the Modeled North American Monsoon to Convective Parameterization

Hydrometeorological Response of the Modeled North American Monsoon to Convective Parameterization

Impact of Irrigation over the California Central Valley on Regional Climate

Long-term Change in Summer Water Vapor Transport over South China in Recent Decades

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