Water Vapor Profiles up to the UT/LS from Raman Lidar at Reunion Island (21°S, 55°E) : Technical Description, Data Processing and Comparison with Sondes

Abstract

The Maïdo high-altitude observatory located in Reunion Island (21°S, 55°E) is equipped with an innovative lidar designed to monitor the water vapor in the whole troposphere up to the lower stratosphere with a Raman system and to monitor, simultaneously, the temperature in the stratosphere and in the mesosphere based on a Rayleigh scattering technique. Several improvements have been performed on the new instrument to optimize the water vapor mixing ratio measurements thanks to the experience of the previous system. The choice of the operational configuration of the system and the calibration methodology were realized during the campaign MALICCA-1 (MAïdo LIdar Calibration CAmpaign) which provided simultaneous measurements of water vapor and ozone in April 2013. The lidar water vapor profiles are calibrated with water vapor columns obtained from a collocated GNSS receiver. By comparing CFH and Vaisala radiosondes and satellites water vapor mixing ratio profiles with the Raman lidar profiles, the performances of the lidar are shown to be good in the troposphere. With a suitable integration time period, the ability of measuring quantities of a few ppmv in the lower stratosphere is demonstrated. This Raman lidar will provide regular measurements to international networks with high vertical resolution profiles of water vapor in order to document various studies and to insure a long-term survey of the troposphere and of the lower stratosphere.

Water Vapor in the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone: Comparison of Balloon‐Borne Measurements and ECMWF Data

“…Later, frostpoint hygrometers were automated and miniaturized, allowing their deployment on meteorological balloons (e.g., Brewer & Dobson, 1951;Mastenbrook & Dinger, 1961;Suomi & Barret, 1952). Currently, UTLS H 2 O is monitored by a large variety of techniques including remote-sensing instruments on satellites (e.g., Randel et al, 2001;Rosenlof et al, 2001) and on ground (e.g., Vérèmes et al, 2016), as well as in situ instruments on balloons (e.g., Dirksen et al, 2014;Hurst et al, 2011;Vömel et al, 2002), research aircraft (e.g. von Hobe et al, 2013;Vaughan et al, 2008), and passenger aircraft (e.g., Petzold et al, 2017).…”