Water utilities’ improvement: The need for water and energy management techniques and skills

Wilson, Lugano; Lichinga, Kevin Nsolloh; Kilindu, Atupele Burton; Masse, Augustino Alfred

doi:10.1016/j.watcyc.2021.05.002

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In addition, the current application of energy management systems in my country is mainly concentrated in metallurgical enterprises such as iron and steel, and other high-energy-consuming industries (such as chemicals, automobiles, electric power, subways, buildings, etc.) Further strengthening [5][6].…”

Section: Existing Problemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Steel Enterprise Energy Management System Based on Mitsubishi PLC

2021

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The iron and steel energy system has the nature of large scale and complex structure, which brings huge challenges to the management of the production process of enterprises. The traditional energy management system management mode is chaotic, the workload of management personnel is large, and the utilization rate of system resources is low, resulting in high cost of network construction of iron and steel enterprises. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the application of Mitsubishi PLC in the energy management system of iron and steel enterprises. This paper mainly analyzes the problems existing in the energy management of iron and steel enterprises at this stage, puts forward the basic principles for the design of the energy management system, and uses the Mitsubishi brand PLC to carry out the system design. The research shows that in recent years, the blast furnace gas emission rate of the iron and steel enterprise has been continuously reduced from 8.12% in the first year to 0.31% in the fourth year. The effect of reducing blast furnace gas emission rate is obvious, not only fully utilizing gas resources, but also reducing pollution, and achieving good economic and social benefits.

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Section: Existing Problemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Steel Enterprise Energy Management System Based on Mitsubishi PLC

2021

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“…• Water-energy: This nexus focuses on the interconnectedness of water and energy systems. For example, energy production often requires large amounts of water for cooling, while water distribution and treatment require energy (Wilson et al, 2021). • Water-food: This nexus focuses on the connections between water resources and agriculture.…”

Section: Taxonomy Of Nexus Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of water energy food-health nexus in a climate constrained world: a review for South Africa

Mutanga,

Mantlana,

Mudavanhu

et al. 2024

Front. Environ. Sci.

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In recent years, the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus has gained significant attention in global research. Spatial inequality in water-energy-food security (WEF) and its impact on public health and how this is affected by climate change remains a grand adaptation challenge. South Africa is extremely vulnerable and exposed to the impacts of climate change due to its socio-economic and environmental context. While alternative nexus types have garnered interest, this paper pioneers an extension of the conventional WEF framework to encompass health, giving rise to the Water-Energy-Food-Health (WEF-H) nexus. Despite a plethora of WEF nexus studies focused on South Africa, a substantial knowledge gap persists due to the lack of a comprehensive overview of the enablers and barriers to realizing the WEF-H nexus. South Africa boasts diverse policies related to water, energy, food, and health; however, their alignment remains an ongoing challenge. This study seeks to bridge this critical gap by conducting an exhaustive review of existing literature. Its primary aim is to delve into the intricate mechanisms that either facilitate or impede the actualization of the WEF-H nexus in South Africa. By synthesizing insights from a wide array of literature sources, this research strives to illuminate the challenges and opportunities stemming from the integration of health considerations into the established WEF nexus framework. This exploration holds immense significance, not only for unraveling the multifaceted interactions between these pivotal sectors but also for guiding policy development and decision-making processes in South Africa towards a more holistic and sustainable approach to resource management.

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“…It is estimated that in EU countries about a quarter of drinking water (approximately 24%) never reaches consumers due to water losses [10,11]. Water losses not only cause additional, unnecessary costs for utilities and consumers but also cause adverse environmental effects such as resource waste [16], loss of treated water, and excessive energy consumption [17]. Choi et al [16] suggest that water utilities should manage water losses from the water-energy nexus perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues in Implementation of EU Regulations in Terms of Evaluation of Water Losses: Towards Energy Efficiency Optimization in Water Supply Systems

Ociepa-Kubicka,

Deska,

Ociepa

2024

Energies

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The water and sewage sector is responsible for approximately 3.5% of energy consumption in the European Union (EU). Leaks causing water losses in water distribution systems (WDSs) are responsible for approximately 24% of water consumption in the EU, which contributes to additional energy losses and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The implementation of the Directive of the European Parliament and the EU Council on the quality of drinking water (Directive (EU) 2020/2184) introduces the obligation to report water losses by large water utilities in EU Member States. The reported indicator will be the infrastructure leakage index (ILI) which is the ratio between current annual real loss (CARL) and unavoidable annual real loss (UARL). The paper presents a comparative analysis of selected water loss performance indicators calculated for 12 Polish WDSs. Results show that values of calculated indicators were diverse. The overestimation of both the reported value of operating pressure and total length of service connections may lead to the overestimation of UARL and thus to the underestimation of ILI. Obtaining a satisfactory, but incorrect, value of ILI may result in the abandonment of activities aimed at water loss reduction. Water losses in water distribution systems (WDSs) contribute to a significant increase in both energy consumption and GHG emissions. Total approximated electrical energy related to CARL consumed in 2021 by eleven utilities (except for one company) amounted to 3.276 GWh and total approximated carbon emissions amounted to 2807.84 MgCO2eq. In the case of four WDSs, reduction of ILI to the value of 1.5 may reduce GHG emissions by 31–54%. It can be concluded that the implementation of Directive (EU) 2020/2184 will require unification of methodology for calculation of parameters used in ILI evaluation in all EU Member States.

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Water utilities’ improvement: The need for water and energy management techniques and skills

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Steel Enterprise Energy Management System Based on Mitsubishi PLC

Steel Enterprise Energy Management System Based on Mitsubishi PLC

Implementation of water energy food-health nexus in a climate constrained world: a review for South Africa

Issues in Implementation of EU Regulations in Terms of Evaluation of Water Losses: Towards Energy Efficiency Optimization in Water Supply Systems

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