Water Use in Wisconsin, 1990

Ellefson, B.R.; Sabin, T.J.; Krohelski, J.T.

doi:10.3133/ofr93118

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In the Door Peninsula, the Silurian Aquifer is a selfcontained unconfined aquifer system, bounded on three sides by surface water and beneath by the Ordovician Maquoketa shale ( Figure 1A). The dolomite is the primary aquifer for the Door Peninsula, providing over 99% of all water used for agriculture, industry, and drinking water supply (based on data in Ellefson et al 1987). The area receives~76.5 cm/year of precipitation, including rain and snow.…”

Section: Hydrologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site Characterization in Densely Fractured Dolomite: Comparison of Methods

Muldoon¹,

Bradbury²

2005

Groundwater

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One of the challenges in characterizing fractured-rock aquifers is determining whether the equivalent porous medium approximation is valid at the problem scale. Detailed hydrogeologic characterization completed at a small study site in a densely fractured dolomite has yielded an extensive data set that was used to evaluate the utility of the continuum and discrete-fracture approaches to aquifer characterization. There are two near-vertical sets of fractures at the site; near-horizontal bedding-plane partings constitute a third fracture set. Eighteen boreholes, including five coreholes, were drilled to a depth of approximately 10.6 m. Borehole geophysical logs revealed several laterally extensive horizontal fractures and dissolution zones. Flowmeter and short-interval packer testing identified which of these features were hydraulically important. A monitoring system, consisting of short-interval piezometers and multilevel samplers, was designed to monitor four horizontal fractures and two dissolution zones. The resulting network consisted of >70 sampling points and allowed detailed monitoring of head distributions in three dimensions. Comparison of distributions of hydraulic head and hydraulic conductivity determined by these two approaches suggests that even in a densely fractured-carbonate aquifer, a characterization approach using traditional long-interval monitoring wells is inadequate to characterize ground water movement for the purposes of regulatory monitoring or site remediation. In addition, traditional multiwell pumping tests yield an average or bulk hydraulic conductivity that is not adequate for predicting rapid ground water travel times through the fracture network, and the pumping test response does not appear to be an adequate tool for assessing whether the porous medium approximation is valid.

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Section: Hydrologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site Characterization in Densely Fractured Dolomite: Comparison of Methods

Muldoon¹,

Bradbury²

2005

Groundwater

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“…Dependence on the aquifer by the growing communities in southeastern Wisconsin has been escalating at an annual rate of~3800 m 3 /d since 1960, and water levels are dropping by 2.1 m/year throughout the region (Feinstein et al 2004). Current pumpage in southeastern Wisconsin is~350,000 m 3 /d (Ellefson et al 1997).…”

Section: Regional Geology and Hydrogeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Factors Controlling Radium Activity in a Sandstone Aquifer

Grundl

Cape

2006

Groundwater

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Geochemical processes behind the occurrence of radium activities in excess of the U.S. EPA's drinking water limit of 5 pCi/L combined radium were investigated in a regional sandstone aquifer located in southeastern Wisconsin. Geochemical speciation modeling (PHREEQC 2.7) combined with a detailed understanding of the regional flow system provided by recent flow modeling efforts was used to determine that radium coprecipitation into barite controls radium activity in the unconfined portion of the aquifer. As the aquifer transitions from unconfined to confined conditions, radium levels rise and the water becomes more sulfate rich yet the aquifer remains at saturation with barite throughout. Calculations based on published distribution coefficients and the observed Ra:Ba atomic ratios indicate that barite contains approximately 12 mug/kg coprecipitated radium. Confined portions of the aquifer have high concentrations of sulfate, and barium concentrations become too low to be an effective control on radium activity. Additional, as yet undefined, controls on radium are operative in the downgradient, confined portion of the aquifer.

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Water Use in Wisconsin, 1990

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Site Characterization in Densely Fractured Dolomite: Comparison of Methods

Site Characterization in Densely Fractured Dolomite: Comparison of Methods

Geochemical Factors Controlling Radium Activity in a Sandstone Aquifer

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