Water use in Wisconsin, 1985

Ellefson, B.R.; Rury, K.S.; Krohelski, J.T.

doi:10.3133/ofr87699

Cited by 1 publication

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“…In the Door Peninsula, the Silurian Aquifer is a self‐contained unconfined aquifer system, bounded on three sides by surface water and beneath by the Ordovician Maquoketa shale (Figure 1A). The dolomite is the primary aquifer for the Door Peninsula, providing over 99% of all water used for agriculture, industry, and drinking water supply (based on data in Ellefson et al 1987). The area receives ∼76.5 cm/year of precipitation, including rain and snow.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site Characterization in Densely Fractured Dolomite: Comparison of Methods

Muldoon¹,

Bradbury²

2005

Groundwater

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One of the challenges in characterizing fractured-rock aquifers is determining whether the equivalent porous medium approximation is valid at the problem scale. Detailed hydrogeologic characterization completed at a small study site in a densely fractured dolomite has yielded an extensive data set that was used to evaluate the utility of the continuum and discrete-fracture approaches to aquifer characterization. There are two near-vertical sets of fractures at the site; near-horizontal bedding-plane partings constitute a third fracture set. Eighteen boreholes, including five coreholes, were drilled to a depth of approximately 10.6 m. Borehole geophysical logs revealed several laterally extensive horizontal fractures and dissolution zones. Flowmeter and short-interval packer testing identified which of these features were hydraulically important. A monitoring system, consisting of short-interval piezometers and multilevel samplers, was designed to monitor four horizontal fractures and two dissolution zones. The resulting network consisted of >70 sampling points and allowed detailed monitoring of head distributions in three dimensions. Comparison of distributions of hydraulic head and hydraulic conductivity determined by these two approaches suggests that even in a densely fractured-carbonate aquifer, a characterization approach using traditional long-interval monitoring wells is inadequate to characterize ground water movement for the purposes of regulatory monitoring or site remediation. In addition, traditional multiwell pumping tests yield an average or bulk hydraulic conductivity that is not adequate for predicting rapid ground water travel times through the fracture network, and the pumping test response does not appear to be an adequate tool for assessing whether the porous medium approximation is valid.

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Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%