Water use efficiency and evapotranspiration in maize-soybean relay strip intercrop systems as affected by planting geometries

Rahman, Tanzeelur; Liu, Xin; Hussain, Sajad; Ahmed, Sakir; Chen, Guopeng; Yang, Feng; Chen, Lilian; Du, Junbo; Liu, Weiguo; Yang, Wenyu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178332

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Higher LAI resulted from S treatment indicates optimum leaf expansion, which helped in better interception and utilization of sunlight, after that LAI of all sesame varieties gradually decreased in all S treatments. This pattern might be because of reduction in crop canopy and senescence of older leaves [36,37]. However, we noted that sesame plants with the S treatments attained higher LAI (Figure 2), which might be due to longer duration of green leaf area and delayed leaf senescence [38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of Sulphur Application on Photosynthesis and Biomass Accumulation of Sesame Varieties under Rainfed Conditions

et al. 2018

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Oilseeds yield response to sulphur (S) has been well investigated but the dynamics of total biomass accumulation (TBA) and partitioning by sesame plants in response to S are not well understood. This study was initiated to investigate the effects of S on sesame, in which four sesame varieties V1, SG-27; V2, SG-30; V3, SG-36; V4, SG-51 and four S treatments T1, 20; T2, 30; T3, 40; T4, 50 kg ha−1 were used. Results revealed that the leaf area index and photosynthetic rate of sesame varieties were significantly higher under T3 with V3. Similarly, S fertilization considerably increased the TBA and maximum TBA was reached at late-flowering with V3 in T3. Relative to T1, plants in T3 had 33 and 23% higher capsule and seed biomass, respectively. Furthermore, total S accumulation and distribution in different plant organs changed with growth stage, at pre-flowering and mid-flowering stage maximum S was found in the stem, whereas at late-flowering and full-maturity stage highest S was recorded in reproductive parts. These results implied that S fertilizers should be applied to agricultural fields to improve oilseed production and by selecting the appropriate and area-specific genotype we can increase sesame seed yield under rainfed conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of Sulphur Application on Photosynthesis and Biomass Accumulation of Sesame Varieties under Rainfed Conditions

et al. 2018

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“…To determine LAI, consecutive 5 and 10 maize and soybean plants, respectively, were destructively collected from all treatments. To measure the leaf area sampled plants, first we determined the total leaf width and length with ruler; then, by multiplying the total leaf width and length with coefficient factor of 0.70 and 0.75 for maize and soybean, respectively, we obtained the leaf area (Rahman et al, ). After that, the leaf area index of each treatment was calculated as the ratio of leaf area to ground area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrow‐wide‐row planting pattern increases the radiation use efficiency and seed yield of intercrop species in relay‐intercropping system

Raza

Ling

Werf

et al. 2019

Food and Energy Security

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Planting arrangements affect radiation use efficiency (RUE) and competitiveness of intercrop species in intercropping systems. Here, we reveal that narrow‐wide‐row planting arrangement in maize‐soybean relay‐intercropping system increases the dry matter and competitiveness of soybean, increased the RUE of maize and soybean, and compensates the yield loss of maize by substantially increasing the yield of soybean. In this field study, maize was planted with soybean in different planting arrangements (P1, 20:180, P2, 40:160; P3, 60:140, and P4, 80:120) of relay intercropping, all the relay‐intercropping treatments were compared with sole crops of maize (SM) and soybean (SS). Results showed that P1 improved the total RUE 3.26 g/MJ (maize RUE + soybean RUE) of maize and soybean in relay‐intercropping system. Compared to P4, treatment P1 increased the soybean competition ratio (CR) values (by 55%) but reduced the maize CR values (by 29%), which in turn significantly improved the yield of soybean by maintaining the maize yield. Generally, in P1, soybean produced 82% of SS yield, and maize produced 88% of SM yield, and it achieved the land equivalent ratio of 1.7. These results suggest that by maintaining the appropriate planting distances between maize and soybean we can improve the competitiveness and yield of intercrop species in relay‐intercropping system.

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“…All the samples were collected destructively at least 1 m away from the previous sampling within in the same sub‐plot. The maximum leaf width and length were measured by using a ruler, leaf area was calculated by multiplying the leaf width, leaf length and crop‐specific coefficient factor of .70 for maize (Rahman et al, ). For biomass accumulation (BA) and its distribution in different plant parts, six consecutive maize plants, excluding the five border plants, were destructively sampled from all the experimental blocks at BS, DS and PM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum leaf excision increases the biomass accumulation and seed yield of maize plants under different planting patterns

Raza

Ling

Khalid

et al. 2019

Annals of Applied Biology

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Without developing new agronomic practices, present rates of improvement in seed yields of cereal crops globally are insufficient to fulfil the estimated increasing food demand for 2050 and beyond. Intercropping is one of the agricultural practices that can lead to greater crop yields. However, there exists leaf redundancy for maize in intercropping systems, and the top canopy leaves shade more competent leaves at middle strata of maize plants. Therefore, this work aimed to elucidate the effect of leaf excision treatments in maize to understand the optimum leaf area of maize plants under a maize-soybean relay-intercropping system (MS R ) and a sole cropping system (SM). The effects of four-leaf excision treatments (T 1 , 0; T 2 , 2; T 3 , 4; T 4 , 6 leaves excised from the top of maize plants until 7 days after silking) on light interception, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic characteristics, total biomass accumulation at blistering stage (BS), dough stage (DS) and physiological maturity (PM), and seed yield of maize were investigated through field experiments for 2 years under MS R and SM. Results showed that, under MS R and SM, as compared to control (T 1 ), optimum excision of leaves (T 2 ) from the top of maize plants significantly improved the light interception (by 25, 18 and 16% at BS, DS and PM, respectively) to lower strata leaves and accelerated the biomass partitioning to maize seeds (by 13 and 12% at DS and PM, respectively). Importantly, plants under T 2 exhibited higher green leaf area than control, that is, excision the top two leaves led to an increase in LAI at PM by 10%, suggesting that leaf senescence under T 2 was delayed which enhanced the photosynthetic rate at PM by 7% in 2017 and 6% in 2018. Relative to T 1 , maize under T 2 produced 19 and 13% higher maize yield under MS R and SM, respectively, and relaycropped maize had 90% of SM seed yield. These results suggest that by manipulating the canopy structure of maize plants we can enhance the biomass accumulation and seed yield of maize crops under MS R and SM. K E Y W O R D Sbiomass, leaf excision, light interception, relay-intercropping, seed yield Muhammad A. Raza and Ling Y. Feng are co-first authors.

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Water use efficiency and evapotranspiration in maize-soybean relay strip intercrop systems as affected by planting geometries

Cited by 47 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of Sulphur Application on Photosynthesis and Biomass Accumulation of Sesame Varieties under Rainfed Conditions

Effect of Sulphur Application on Photosynthesis and Biomass Accumulation of Sesame Varieties under Rainfed Conditions

Narrow‐wide‐row planting pattern increases the radiation use efficiency and seed yield of intercrop species in relay‐intercropping system

Optimum leaf excision increases the biomass accumulation and seed yield of maize plants under different planting patterns

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