Water-triggered self-assembly polycondensation for the one-pot synthesis of cyclomatrix polyphosphazene nanoparticles from amino acid ester

Abstract

Water-triggered self-assembly polycondensation was proposed for preparation of cyclomatrix polyphosphazene nanoparticles from amino acid esters, and a critical solubility parameter was found to determine whether the nanoparticles were formed. Based on this rule, we also investigated the control of the size of its nanoparticles.

Synthesis of Negative‐Charged Metal‐Containing Cyclomatrix Polyphosphazene Microspheres Based on Polyoxometalates and Application in Charge‐Selective Dye Adsorption

“…Cyclomatrix polyphosphazene (CP) was developed by Tang and coworkers, which can be easily synthesized from precipitation polymerization based on nucleophilic substitution from hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and di‐functionalized monomers . Due to the facile preparation and easy control of the morphology of the resultant CP, different monomers such as fluorescein, l ‐cysteine methyl ester, ferrocene, and dendrimers have been introduced to the CP system. These CPs are widely used in bio‐imaging and as catalysts, absorbents, photothermal therapy agents as well as in energy storage.…”

“…The molecular design of MCPMs was based on the precipitation polymerization of di‐functionalized monomers with HCCP in the presence of suitable base, such as triethylamine(TEA) and N , N ′‐diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA). As mentioned earlier, different di‐functionalized monomers, such as luminescent fluorescein, bioactive l ‐cysteine methyl ester, redox active ferrocene, even branched polyethylenimine, have been introduced into CPs. However, one may notice that almost all of the prepared CPs are neutral.…”

Preparation of polyphosphazenes: a tutorial review

“…Recently, Huang et al were able to prepare amino acid ester based phosphazene particles via such precipitation condensation chemistry. 39 The prepolymer/oligomer formation involves the reaction of [PNCl 2 ] 3 with the diamine cystine in acetonitrile (good solvent) followed by particle formation (and curing) upon addition of H 2 O as a poor solvent for the system. 39 This “water triggered self-assembly” leads to precisely controlled uniform spheres with sizes ranging from 250 nm to 2 μm by adjusting the monomer concentration ( Fig.…”

Synthesis of 3‐Indole Substituted Sulfonyl 4H‐Chromenes Using Recyclable Cyclometrix Polyphosphazene‐Base Catalysts

“…Such an approach utilizes the high reactivity of the P−Cl bonds toward nucleophilic substitution, as well as the high number of functional groups. The highly cross‐linked polymer materials are benzene‐like rigid, structured by well symmetry and chemically stable owing to its stable six‐membered‐ring system [31,32] . In recent years, clever engineering has evolved that the c POPs have significant potential in various fields of application such as the drug and gene delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility, catalysis, flame retardancy, chemical sensors and energy storage [33–37] …”