Water transport, respiration and energetics of three tropical marine sponges

Reiswig, Henry M.

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(74)90005-7

Cited by 335 publications

(350 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Discovery Bay, Jamaica, Reiswig (1974) found that sponges on the fore-reef slope reached maximum biomass at 30-50-m depth, where they filtered 26 m3 m-2 d-l. Particles as small as 0.1 pm are retained.…”

Section: Microbial Grazersmentioning

confidence: 98%

A comparison of the ecology of planktonic bacteria in fresh and salt water

Hobbie

1988

Limnology & Oceanography

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The planktonic bacteria inhabiting fresh and salt waters are not physiologically identical; most marine bacteria, for example, require sodium and some marine forms can thrive at 1,000 atm of pressure in the deep sea. Despite this difference, the conclusion of this review is that the ecology of planktonic bacteria is virtually identical in fresh and salt waters.The differences are small and mostly a matter of relative proportion of various processes. That is, similar bacterial processes occur in fresh and salt waters but in each environment, one process may be more important than another. For example, bacteria in freshwaters are exposed to high amounts of refractory dissolved organic carbon from soil and stream runoff, while many marine bacteria are exposed to relatively more of the labile organic matter from decaying algae. Also, under anaerobic conditions the sulfur cycle will be dominant in the sea while the carbon-methane cycle will be more important in freshwaters. In spite of the presence of relatively high amounts of methane in the sea, there is thus far little evidence that ,a significant amount of methane is being oxidized.Not enough is yet known to determine if there are dilfcrences in the grazing of bacteria in the two systems. Small, flagellated protozoans are very important grazers in freshwater and marine systems but there is some evidence from salt waters that ciliates are also important grazers. Marine ecosystems also contain large animals that can filter out bacteria. Sponges are the dominant suspension feeders on coral reefs, mussels and oysters are dominant in estuarine and marsh systems, and a large appendicularian may filter significant amounts of bacteria through a mucous net. Ecological understanding of the aquatic bacteria has advanced rapidly in the past two decades. One reason is the basic similarity between microbial ecology in fresh and salt waters and the consequent interchangeability of techniques.

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Section: Microbial Grazersmentioning

confidence: 98%

A comparison of the ecology of planktonic bacteria in fresh and salt water

Hobbie

1988

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The principle of operation is based on the rate of heat removed from a submerged, electrically heated thermistor (temperature sensitive electrical resistor), which is related to the speed of the water mass moving past it (Reiswig 1971(Reiswig , 1974Vogel 1977). The nondirectional flow probe comprised a 0.9-mm diameter glass bead-covered thermistor silicone sealed onto the distal end of a 2-mm diameter stainless steel tube.…”

Section: Thermistor Flow Sensor and Recordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Flow Regimes for Dysidea avara Sponges

et al. 2008

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The aim of our research is to design tank systems to culture Dysidea avara for the production of avarol. Flow information was needed to design culture tanks suitable for effective production. Water flow regimes were characterized over a 1-year period for a shallow rocky sublittoral environment in the Northwestern Mediterranean where D. avara sponges are particularly abundant. Three-dimensional Doppler current velocities at 8-10-m depths ranged from 5 to 15 cm/s over most seasons, occasionally spiking to 30-66 cm/s. A thermistor flow sensor was used to map flow fields in close proximity (≈2 cm) to individual sponges at 4.5-, 8.8-, and 14.3-m depths. These "proximal flows" averaged 1.6 cm/s in calm seas and 5.9 cm/s during a storm, when the highest proximal flow (32.9 cm/s) was recorded next to a sponge at the shallowest station. Proximal flows diminished exponentially with depth, averaging 2.6 cm/s± 0.15 SE over the entire study. Flow visualization studies showed that oscillatory flow (0.20-0.33 Hz) was the most common regime around individual sponges. Sponges at the 4.5-m site maintained a compact morphology with large oscula year-around despite only seasonally high flows. Sponges at 8.8 m were more erect with large oscula on tall protuberances. At the lowest-flow 14.3-m site, sponges were more branched and heavily conulated, with small oscula. The relationship between sponge morphology and ambient flow regime is discussed.

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“…Despite their simple body plan, they are remarkably efficient in obtaining food by pumping surrounding seawater through a specialized canal system. Studies have estimated that as much as 24 000 l of water can be pumped though a kilogram of sponge on a daily basis and that the filtering system used by the sponge leaves the expelled water essentially sterile (Reiswig, 1971(Reiswig, , 1974Turon et al, 1997). Despite this process, sponges also host permanently a large number of microorganisms in their body, which can contribute up to 60% of the total sponge biomass (Wilkinson, 1978;Hentschel et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional genomic analysis of an uncultured δ-proteobacterium in the sponge Cymbastela concentrica

2010

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Marine sponges are ancient, sessile, filter-feeding metazoans, which represent a significant component of the benthic communities throughout the world. Sponges harbor a remarkable diversity of bacteria, however, little is known about the functional properties of such bacterial symbionts. In this study, we present the genomic and functional characterization of an uncultured d-proteobacterium associated with the sponge Cymbastela concentrica. We show that this organism represents a novel phylogenetic clade and propose that it lives in association with a cyanobacterium. We also provide an overview of the predicted functional and ecological properties of this d-proteobacterium, and discuss its complex interactions with surrounding cells and milieu, including traits of cell attachment, nutrient transport and protein-protein interactions.

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Water transport, respiration and energetics of three tropical marine sponges

Cited by 335 publications

References 18 publications

A comparison of the ecology of planktonic bacteria in fresh and salt water

A comparison of the ecology of planktonic bacteria in fresh and salt water

Environmental Flow Regimes for Dysidea avara Sponges

Functional genomic analysis of an uncultured δ-proteobacterium in the sponge Cymbastela concentrica

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