Water temperature dynamics and the prevalence of daytime stratification in small temperate shallow lakes

Martinsen, Kenneth Thorø; Andersen, Mikkel René; Sand‐Jensen, Kaj

doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3737-2

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The contrast of the shallow, vegetation-rich lakes compared to lakes with less vegetation or greater water depth was striking [9,11,27]. Measurements for a full year in nine small, shallow Danish lakes (water depths: 0.3-2.0 m), showed vertical stratification on 67% of the days between early spring and late autumn [28]. On most occasions (94%), full convective mixing occurred during the following night.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Extreme diel dissolved oxygen and carbon cycles in shallow vegetated lakes

2017

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A common perception in limnology is that shallow lakes are homogeneously mixed owing to their small water volume. However, this perception is largely gained by downscaling knowledge from large lakes to their smaller counterparts. Here we show that shallow vegetated lakes (less than 0.6 m), in fact, undergo recurring daytime stratification and nocturnal mixing accompanied by extreme chemical variations during summer. Dense submerged vegetation effectively attenuates light and turbulence generating separation between warm surface waters and much colder bottom waters. Photosynthesis in surface waters produces oxygen accumulation and CO depletion, whereas respiration in dark bottom waters causes anoxia and CO accumulation. High daytime pH in surface waters promotes precipitation of CaCO which is re-dissolved in bottom waters. Nocturnal convective mixing re-introduces oxygen into bottom waters for aerobic respiration and regenerated inorganic carbon into surface waters, which supports intense photosynthesis. Our results reconfigure the basic understanding of local environmental gradients in shallow lakes, one of the most abundant freshwater habitats globally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Extreme diel dissolved oxygen and carbon cycles in shallow vegetated lakes

2017

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“…In the case of Lake Võrtsjärv (Estonia), determined that decreasing wind speed values caused considerable changes in the stratification dynamics. Based on research on nine lakes in Denmark, Martinsen et al (2019) fund that the probability of stratification by day increased with higher intensity of solar radiation, higher air temperature, and lower wind speed. The course of both meteorological parameters on the background of water temperature distribution in the analysed multi-annual period is presented in Figure 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of daily water temperature fluctuations in lake kierskie (West Poland)

Ptak

Sojka

Nowak

2019

Quaestiones Geographicae

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The paper presents the dynamics of daily water temperature fluctuations in Lake Kierskie (West Poland) and determines the effect of air temperatures and wind speed on the variability of the parameter (water temperature). The analysis was based on hourly water temperature values from the period from May 2012 to January 2018. The data analysis permitted the description of the thermal regime of waters in the lake in the hourly cycle in reference to each month, and designation of months characterised by the highest and lowest stability of water temperatures. More than half of the analysed days was characterised by a change in water temperature not exceeding 1°C. The course of water temperature showed strongly positive correlations with air temperature, and weak correlations with wind speed. Water temperatures in the lake were correlated the strongest with air temperatures with a 24 h time step.

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“…However, because the ice‐free season is brief and variable, small differences in sampling date among years can have marked effects on observed surface temperature and trend estimates. These typically small and shallow lakes can also exhibit diel temperature fluctuations of ≥12°C (Livingstone et al ; Novikmec et al ; Woolway et al ; Martinsen et al ), which can be an order of magnitude greater than reported decadal warming rates. Therefore, sparse datasets that are not composed of replicated measurements that minimize the influence of diel and seasonal variability have not been used in traditional long‐term trend estimates, as is evident in Table .…”

Section: Reported Rates Of Lake Surface Temperature Increase and Diffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating lake–climate responses from sparse data: An application to high elevation lakes

Christianson

Johnson

Hooten

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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Although many studies demonstrate lake warming, few document trends from lakes with sparse data. Diel and seasonal variability of surface temperatures limit conventional trend analyses to datasets with frequent repeated observations. Thus, remote lakes, including many high elevation lakes, are underrepresented in trend analyses. We used a Bayesian technique to analyze sparse data that explicitly incorporated diel and seasonal variability. This approach allowed us to estimate lake warming in a region of limited knowledge: high elevation lakes (> 2100 m ASL) of the Southern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A. The analysis allowed for inclusion of lakes with few repeated measurements, and observations made before 1980 when more intensive lake monitoring began. We accumulated the largest dataset of high elevation lake temperatures analyzed to date. Data from 590 high elevation lakes in the Southern Rocky Mountains showed a 0.13 C decade −1 increase in surface temperatures and a 14% increase in seasonal degree days since 1955. This result is lower than other regional and global estimates of lake warming; however, it is similar to other high elevation lake studies. Our approach can be applied to other understudied regions, increasing our overall understanding of the effects of climate change on lakes and their temporal dynamics.

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Water temperature dynamics and the prevalence of daytime stratification in small temperate shallow lakes

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

Extreme diel dissolved oxygen and carbon cycles in shallow vegetated lakes

Extreme diel dissolved oxygen and carbon cycles in shallow vegetated lakes

Characteristics of daily water temperature fluctuations in lake kierskie (West Poland)

Estimating lake–climate responses from sparse data: An application to high elevation lakes

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