Water Supply Status in Rural Areas of the Mekong Delta and Development Measures

Lan, Nguyễn Thúy; Dao, Phan Thi Anh; Kyncl, Miroslav

doi:10.2478/gse-2018-0005

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The GW extraction for domestic and irrigation are reported to be rapidly increasing since the 2000s in Viet Nam, especially in some urban and coastal areas of the VMD (Eastham et al 2008, Nam 2017. In coastal province of VMD, the preference of the households for the different water supply sources was ranked as follows 39-60%, 7.8-39%, 1.9-6.4% and 2.1% for exploiting GW by tube-wells, using tap water network, harvesting rainwater and storing river/canal water, respectively (Chi et al 2018). Can Tho city, a center socio-economic of the VMD, present a high dependence on GW supply for domestic activities, accounting for 52.4% total domestic water demand (Danh et al 2015).…”

Section: Groundwater Demand Estimation In the Vmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts and adaptive measures for groundwater use in the Mekong delta. case study : Tra Vinh province

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Because of the rapid growth of population and fast economic development in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), the surface water resources are unable to meet these demands and groundwater is also over-abstracted.� Groundwater depletion and saline water intrusion become the main problems that threaten drinking water supplies, farming systems, and livelihoods in the delta, especially coastal areas. It is necessary to provide a fully comprehensive picture of groundwater use (GWU) and its impact issues In Tra Vinh Province, a coastal province of VMD, dependency on GW increases from north to south which has a strong relation with availability of freshwater in major rivers during the dry season. In the dry season 2018,� GWU was estimated to be 346,279 m3day-1 based on the field survey data;� approximately 52 % of this use is for agricultural activities. Land surface temperature sensing technology is proved to be a good tool for interpolating distribution of GWU. In Tra Vinh Province for better GW management. The GW system in the study area has moved from a pristine system to a developed system then become a depleted system at present. Thus, the existing status of groundwater resources is unsustainable due to increasing of 25 years of GWU. The concept for sustainable yields in both quantity and quality, in the long run, has been introduced and proved to be beneficial by determining equilibrium state and controlling saline GW movement. The results of the sustainable models indicate that the current GWU (2018) needs to be reduced by 49 % to match with the sustainable yield of the aquifer system in Tra Vinh Province. In order to propose adaptive measures for sustainable GWU, a new land use structure of the Mekong Delta Plan is considered as a suitable measure to reduce a high proportion of GW demand in Tra Vinh Province. Adaptive behavior models (ABM) are developed based on Fogg Theories to understand behavior of local farmers in term of changing agricultural activities to cope with the effect of climate change.� ABM can help to clarify additional recommendations to enhance the successful implementation of the Mekong Delta Plan by adding more incentive and resources suited to each specific farmers and zones.

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Section: Groundwater Demand Estimation In the Vmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts and adaptive measures for groundwater use in the Mekong delta. case study : Tra Vinh province

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“…The content of nutrient and organic substance, detected at canals/rivers and Ganh Hao River belonging to Ca Mau province, was at ranges such as DO 1.37-7.95 mg L -1 , N-NH4 + 0-3.111 mg L -1 , and P-PO4 3+ 0.008-0.963 mg L -1 [48]. Therefore, degradation of the surface water quality at Ganh Hao River has not only remarkably affected aquatic organisms but also inhabitants who have relied chiefly on the water resources for daily purposes [49]. However, few studies assessed entirely the variation of the surface water and sediment quality under the various drivers of influence.…”

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Changes in surface water and sediment quality at a complex tidal-influenced river: a case study of Ganh Hao river, Mekong delta, Vietnam

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The research was carried out to determine the extent of surface water and sediment pollution using the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations. The surface water and sediment samples were obtained from 25 sites along the river on March 22 and September 5, 2019 at the main river influenced by the complex tidal regime and aquaculture practices in Ca Mau peninsular in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The water quality was compared with international and national standards, while the sediment quality was compared with Vietnamese standards and pollution indices (geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, and pollution load index). Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to explain the main factors responsible for the observed levels of water pollution. The dependence of water quality parameters and variations in water quality due to tidal regimes and seasonality were also evaluated by statistical comparisons. Based on the logistic regression models, the temporal variability of selected water quality parameters was visualized using QGIS. The Delft 3D model was used to evaluate changes in hydraulic characteristics based on actual fieldwork. The concentrations of nutrients and organic compounds exceeded 2-3 times greater than the standard for surface water quality. The contents of heavy metals were below the standard for sediment quality and consistent with the background levels. The influence of the tidal regime and seasonality caused significant changes in water quality and its association with various flow regimes (P<0.05). Three components based on the PCA accounted for approx. 79.84% of the total variance in water quality characteristics of which the first, second, third component explained for 53.64%, 18.43%, and 7.77% of total variance related to physicochemical properties and organic matter pollution, suspended solids and nutrients, and DO consumption, respectively. Water quality maps indicated pollution hotspots, and the extensive and improved extensive shrimp culture practices were identified in connection to the changes in water quality. Changes in the river's hydraulic characteristics were influenced remarkably by the tidal regime as well as geomorphological changes. The results of the research addressed the gaps from the previous studies were to identify degradation of surface water quality was associated primarily with extensive and improved extensive shrimp culture. Seasonal factors and tidal regimes influenced significantly changes in water quality parameters. Pollution sources were specified by the principal component analysis. Spatiotemporal distribution maps of selected water quality parameters highlighted pollution hotspot. Changes in the river hydraulic characteristics were caused mainly by the tidal regimes as well as geomorphological changes. The selected water quality parameters responded as well as depended diversely to various flow regimes. The results could be useful not only to local policymakers in developing water management strategies but also to other rivers beyond the geographical regions. �

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Groundwater resource challenges and abstraction-induced land subsidence in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

Ha,

Phung,

Phan

et al. 2024

The Mekong River Basin

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Water Supply Status in Rural Areas of the Mekong Delta and Development Measures

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Impacts and adaptive measures for groundwater use in the Mekong delta. case study : Tra Vinh province

Impacts and adaptive measures for groundwater use in the Mekong delta. case study : Tra Vinh province

Changes in surface water and sediment quality at a complex tidal-influenced river: a case study of Ganh Hao river, Mekong delta, Vietnam

Groundwater resource challenges and abstraction-induced land subsidence in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

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