Water structure and its influence on the flotation of carbonate and bicarbonate salts

Molecular features of the air/carbonate solution interface

“…Viscosity measurements of carbonate solutions have showed that carbonate salts significantly increase the viscosity of water solution, therefore are categorized as structure makers. In contrast, for bicarbonates, as the salt concentration increases, the viscosity increases only slightly [8]. Thus, bicarbonates are structure breaking salts.…”

Impact of seawater salts on the viscoelastic behavior of flocculated mineral suspensions

“…This is attributed to differences between ions, where some are structure makers and others structure breakers [1]. These changes have direct impact on rheological parameters of suspensions such as the viscosity or yield stress [2][3][4][5][6].…”

A review of induction and attachment times of wetting thin films between air bubbles and particles and its relevance in the separation of particles by flotation

“…This high salt solution containing dissolved ions will make a significant impact on the adsorption of chemicals at the surface of minerals. Particularly, previous studies with soluble salts showed that the ion specific effect is the most important factor for their flotation behaviours [64][65][66][67][68]. For example, micro-flotation studies with carbonate salts (Na 2 CO 3 and NaHCO 3 ) showed that contrary to the strong flotation of NaHCO 3 with both anionic and cationic collectors, Na 2 CO 3 does not float at all [69].…”