Water sprinkling market pigs in a stationary trailer. 1. Effects on pig behaviour, gastrointestinal tract temperature and trailer micro-climate

Fox, J.; Widowski, Tina M.; Torrey, Stephanie; Nannoni, Eleonora; Bergeron, Renée; Gonyou, H. W.; Brown, Jennifer A.; Crowe, T. G.; Mainau, Eva; Faucitano, L.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2013.12.019

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The current study observed surface temperature ranging 29.3 °C to 36.2 °C in WARM weather and 30.1 °C to 38.7 °C in HOT weather ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). Although past research reported surface temperature for market weight pigs ranging between 38.6 °C to 39.5 °C [ 21 , 22 ], a review by Fox [ 23 ] in Canada reported that sprinkled pigs had 10% lower surface temperature than those pigs which were not sprinkled. Based on the surface temperatures seen in this study, it seems pigs in this study were not heat stressed and in turn this may indicate that the pigs’ physiological responses combined with the sprinkling treatments could be effective at mitigating heat stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing Sprinkling Requirements on Trailers Transporting Market Weight Pigs in Warm and Hot Weather

Kephart

Johnson

Sapkota

et al. 2014

Animals

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Simple SummaryTransport is an inevitable process in the modern, multi-site swine industry. Pigs do not have efficient physiological means (such as sweating) to cool themselves. Therefore, being transported in hot weather can cause heat stress and even death. Sprinkling the pigs and/or bedding may facilitate cooling, thereby improving well-being and survivability of pigs arriving at the plant. AbstractThis study was conducted July of 2012 in Iowa, in WARM (<26.7 °C) and HOT (≥26.7 °C) weather. Four sprinkling methods were compared, with one treatment being randomly assigned to each load: control- no sprinkling (not applied in HOT weather), pigs only, bedding only, or pigs and bedding. Experiment 1 used 51 loads in WARM- and 86 loads in HOT weather to determine sprinkling effects on pig measures (surface temperature, vocalizations, slips and falls, and stress signs). Experiment 2 used 82 loads in WARM- and 54 loads in HOT weather to determine the sprinkling effects on transport losses (non-ambulatory, dead, and total transport losses). Experiment 1 found that, in WARM weather, there were no differences between sprinkling treatments for surface temperature, vocalizations, or slips and falls (p ≥ 0.18). However, stress signs were 2% greater when sprinkling pigs- or bedding only- compared to control (p = 0.03). Experiment 2 found that, in WARM and HOT weather, sprinkling did not affect non-ambulatory, dead, or total transport losses (p ≥ 0.18). Although the current study did not find any observed sprinkling effects for pig measures or transport losses it is extremely important to note that the inference space of this study is relatively small, so further studies should be conducted to see if these results are applicable to other geographical regions and seasons.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing Sprinkling Requirements on Trailers Transporting Market Weight Pigs in Warm and Hot Weather

Kephart

Johnson

Sapkota

et al. 2014

Animals

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“…Since variation in thermal conditions exists between compartments within each trailer, Brown et al [27] suggested that transport conditions may be improved by increasing ventilation to the lower-front compartments and in upper-rear compartments in summer, or by a combination of insulation and ventilation in winter. Fox et al [28] found that sprinkling pigs in a stationary vehicle when ambient temperature external to the trailer exceeds 23°C has the potential to prevent increases in body temperature during short duration transport without detrimental effects on ammonia levels or behaviour during unloading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport losses in finisher pigs: impact of transport distance and season of the year

Voslářová

Večerek

Passantino

et al. 2016

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveThe death of animals during transport for slaughter is a major factor indicating the level of welfare in transported animals. The aim of this study was to assess mortality related to the commercial transport of finisher pigs for slaughter in the Czech Republic.MethodsThe inspectors of the State Veterinary Administration of the Czech Republic recorded the numbers of finisher pigs transported to processing plants in the Czech Republic for slaughter and the mortality in these pigs in relation to transport in the period from 2009 to 2014.ResultsOur results show that the likelihood of death losses in transported pigs increases with increasing transport distance. The transport-related mortality ranged from 0.049% in pigs transported for distances below 50 km to 0.145% in pigs transported for distances exceeding 300 km. The impact of external air temperature on the transport-related mortality found in our study clearly shows that current transport practices fail to ensure the welfare of pigs transported under other than moderate weather. Particularly cold temperatures below −2°C were associated with increased death losses in winter transport.ConclusionDespite a decreasing trend in the mortality of finisher pigs transported for slaughter in Europe, our study suggests that current transport conditions are not efficient at ensuring the welfare of pigs during transport for longer distances and the protection of pigs against the negative impact of extreme ambient temperatures. Further research should focus on developing practical guidelines to improve the welfare of pigs in transit accordingly.

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“…Otros factores involucrados pudieron ser el cansancio de los animales, los cambios inesperados en la velocidad del vehículo, la falta de entrenamiento y conocimiento del conductor de cómo transportar adecuadamente el ganado (Tarrant y Grandin, 2000). Estos factores, asimismo, han sido descritos como causa de accidentalidad durante el transporte de animales (Miranda-de la Lama et al, 2011) y por su efecto negativo en la estabilidad y posibilidad de descanso de ovejas durante el viaje (Cockram et al, 2004;Fox et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Indicadores Conductuales y Fisiológicos para Evaluar el Transporte de Novillos al Rastro y su Relación con el pH de la Carne

Peñuela

Velasco-Bolaños

Valencia

2017

Rev. investig. vet. Perú

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RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el transporte de los novillos por medio de indicadores conductuales y fisiológicos, y su relación con el pH alto en la carne a las 24 horas (pH24) del sacrificio. Se evaluaron 56 novillos cebú (2.5 ± 0.2 años, 429.9 ± 29.3 kg) en cuatro viajes al centro de beneficio. El transporte se hizo bajo condiciones similares (ruta, camión y conductor), donde se evaluaron los indicadores conductuales (interacciones afiliativas y agonistas, posturas del cuerpo, dirección del cuerpo en el camión y exploración), indicadores fisiológicos de estrés y el pH 24 de la carne. No se observaron diferencias significativas en las variables conductuales y el pH 24 según los compartimentos del camión. Las interacciones afiliativas fueron más frecuentes que las agonistas. Las concentraciones sanguíneas del hematocrito, cortisol, glucosa y creatinaquinasa mostraron valores altos. El 63.5% (n=36) de las carcasas presentaron pH 24 >5.8. Los resultados indican que el transporte comercial con duración de 8 h fue un factor de estrés fisiológico para los novillos cebú, con implicaciones negativas sobre el alto pH cárnico. La ausencia de la mezcla social favoreció la cohesión y la estabilidad grupal.Palabras clave: calidad de carne; bienestar animal; presacrificio; estrés ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to evaluate the transport of steers by behavioral and physiological indicators and its relationship with high pH of the beef at 24 h after slaughter.

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Water sprinkling market pigs in a stationary trailer. 1. Effects on pig behaviour, gastrointestinal tract temperature and trailer micro-climate

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Establishing Sprinkling Requirements on Trailers Transporting Market Weight Pigs in Warm and Hot Weather

Establishing Sprinkling Requirements on Trailers Transporting Market Weight Pigs in Warm and Hot Weather

Transport losses in finisher pigs: impact of transport distance and season of the year

Indicadores Conductuales y Fisiológicos para Evaluar el Transporte de Novillos al Rastro y su Relación con el pH de la Carne

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