Water Sources and Hydrodynamics of Closed-Basin Depressions, Cook Inlet Region, Alaska

Rains, Mark C.

doi:10.1007/s13157-011-0147-x

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Moreover, as noted, wetlands can be focal points for groundwater recharge, which may contribute to baseflow. Rains (), for example, found that perched and flow‐through wetland ponds in southwestern Alaska were sites of net groundwater recharge. Given the high prevalence of ponds on the landscape (Rains ), these wetlands could substantially affect stream baseflow via groundwater inputs (see Groundwater Connectivity below).…”

Section: Hydrological Physical and Chemical Functions Of Nfwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrological, Physical, and Chemical Functions and Connectivity of Non‐Floodplain Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review

Lane

Leibowitz

Autrey

et al. 2018

J American Water Resour Assoc

100

108

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We reviewed the scientific literature on non‐floodplain wetlands (NFWs), freshwater wetlands typically located distal to riparian and floodplain systems, to determine hydrological, physical, and chemical functioning and stream and river network connectivity. We assayed the literature for source, sink, lag, and transformation functions, as well as factors affecting connectivity. We determined NFWs are important landscape components, hydrologically, physically, and chemically affecting downstream aquatic systems. NFWs are hydrologic and chemical sources for other waters, hydrologically connecting across long distances and contributing compounds such as methylated mercury and dissolved organic matter. NFWs reduced flood peaks and maintained baseflows in stream and river networks through hydrologic lag and sink functions, and sequestered or assimilated substantial nutrient inputs through chemical sink and transformative functions. Landscape‐scale connectivity of NFWs affects water and material fluxes to downstream river networks, substantially modifying the characteristics and function of downstream waters. Many factors determine the effects of NFW hydrological, physical, and chemical functions on downstream systems, and additional research quantifying these factors and impacts is warranted. We conclude NFWs are hydrologically, chemically, and physically interconnected with stream and river networks though this connectivity varies in frequency, duration, magnitude, and timing.

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Section: Hydrological Physical and Chemical Functions Of Nfwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), NFWs in glacially formed landscapes in southwest Michigan (Kehew et al. ), Alaskan pond NFWs (Rains ), Florida cypress dome NFW systems (Sun et al. ), and small Wisconsin lakes (Born et al.…”

Section: Hydrological Physical and Chemical Functions Of Nfwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological, Physical, and Chemical Functions and Connectivity of Non‐Floodplain Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review

Lane

Leibowitz

Autrey

et al. 2018

J American Water Resour Assoc

100

108

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“…) and supplying baseflow (Morley et al. ; Rains ). Despite the acknowledged role of wetlands in the hydrologic resilience of watersheds, there has been a rapid global decline in wetland area, with an average estimated global loss of wetland area since 1970 of 31% (Dixon et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Wetland Location Matter When Managing Wetlands for Watershed‐Scale Flood and Drought Resilience?

Ameli

Creed

2019

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Wetland protection and restoration strategies that are designed to promote hydrologic resilience do not incorporate the location of wetlands relative to the main stream network. This is primarily attributed to the lack of knowledge on the effects of wetland location on wetland hydrologic function (e.g., flood and drought mitigation). Here, we combined a watershed‐scale, surface–subsurface, fully distributed, physically based hydrologic model with historical, existing, and lost (drained) wetland maps in the Nose Creek watershed in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America to (1) estimate the hydrologic functions of lost wetlands and (2) estimate the hydrologic functions of wetlands located at different distances from the main stream network. Modeling results showed wetland loss altered streamflow, decreasing baseflow and increasing stream peakflow during the period of the precipitation events that led to major flooding in the watershed and downstream cities. In addition, we found that wetlands closer to the main stream network played a disproportionately important role in attenuating peakflow, while wetland location was not important for regulating baseflow. The findings of this study provide information for watershed managers that can help to prioritize wetland restoration efforts for flood or drought risk mitigation.

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“…Small water bodies were located relatively higher in the landscape than larger water bodies ( Fig. 5; Table 3) and so may be recharged less frequently by either surface or subsurface flows even as annual precipitation increases (Rains 2011). Similarly, water bodies located higher in the landscape may be less likely to be connected to drainage inlets.…”

Section: Water Bodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting changes in surface waters and barrens over the past 60 years for a subarctic forest–tundra site in northern Manitoba based on remote sensing imagery

et al. 2013

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Intensified warming in the Arctic and Subarctic is resulting in a wide range of changes in the extent, productivity, and composition of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Analysis of remote sensing imagery has documented regional changes in the number and area of ponds and lakes as well as expanding cover of shrubs and small trees in uplands. To better understand long-term changes across the edaphic gradient, we compared the number and area of water bodies and dry barrens (>100 m 2 ) between 1956 (aerial photographs) and 2008-2011 (high-resolution satellite images) for eight ϳ25 km 2 sites near Nejanilini Lake, Manitoba (59.559°N, 97.715°W). In the modern landscape, the number of water bodies and barrens were similar (1162 versus 1297, respectively), but water bodies were larger (mean 3.1 × 10 4 versus 681 m 2 , respectively) and represented 17% of surface area compared with 0.4% for barrens. Over the past 60 years, total surface area of water did not change significantly (16.7%-17.1%) despite a ϳ30% decrease in numbers of small (<1000 m 2 ) water bodies. However, the number and area of barrens decreased (55% and 67%, respectively) across all size classes. These changes are consistent with Arctic greening in response to increasing temperature and precipitation. Loss of small water bodies suggests that wet tundra areas may be drying, which, if true, may have important implications for carbon balance. Our observations may be the result of changes in winter conditions in combination with low permafrost ice content in the region, in part explaining regional variations in responses to climate change.Résumé : L'intensification du réchauffement dans l'Arctique et les régions subarctiques cause de nombreux changements dans l'étendue, la productivité et la composition des écosystèmes aquatiques et terrestres. Une analyse de l'imagerie par télédétection a révélé des changements régionaux dans le nombre et l'étendue des étangs et des lacs ainsi que dans l'agrandissement de la couverture des arbustes et des petits arbres dans les terres hautes. Afin de mieux comprendre les changements à long terme à travers le gradient édaphique, nous avons comparé le nombre et l'étendue des plans d'eau et de la toundra sèche (>100 m 2 ) entre 1956 (photographies aériennes) et 2008-2011 (images satellite à haute résolution) pour huit sites d'environ 25 km 2 à proximité du lac Nejanilini, Manitoba (59,559°N, 97,715°O). Dans le paysage moderne, le nombre de plans d'eau et de parcelles de toundra était semblable (respectivement 1162 et 1297) mais la superficie des plans d'eau était supérieure à celle des parcelles de toundra (moyennes respectives de 3,1 × 10 4 et de 681 m 2 ) et représentait 17 % de la surface par rapport à 0,4 % pour la toundra. Au cours des 60 dernières années, la surface totale des plans d'eau n'a pas changée de manière significative (16,7 à 17,1 %) malgré une diminution d'environ 30 % du nombre de petits (<1000 m 2 ) plans d'eau. Toutefois, le nombre et la superficie des parcelles de toundra ont diminué (respectivement de ...

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Water Sources and Hydrodynamics of Closed-Basin Depressions, Cook Inlet Region, Alaska

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Hydrological, Physical, and Chemical Functions and Connectivity of Non‐Floodplain Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review

Hydrological, Physical, and Chemical Functions and Connectivity of Non‐Floodplain Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review

Does Wetland Location Matter When Managing Wetlands for Watershed‐Scale Flood and Drought Resilience?

Contrasting changes in surface waters and barrens over the past 60 years for a subarctic forest–tundra site in northern Manitoba based on remote sensing imagery

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