Water Sorption Isotherm Characteristics of Seeds of Six Indigenous Forest Tree Species in Ghana

Abstract

The relationship between storage temperature, relative humidity and seed water content was investigated for six indigenous forest tree seed species, namely Garcinia kola, Terminalia superba, Terminalia ivorensis, Mansonia altissima, Entandrophragma angolense and Khaya anthotheca in Ghana. Seeds were equilibrated over a series of lithium chloride solutions with relative humidities ranging from 12 to 93% and silica gel with relative humidity of 3% at 20 ºC. Seeds reached equilibrium with different days depending on seed size and structure, ranging from 13 days for E. angolense to 91 days for G. kola. When seeds equilibrated, moisture contents were determined gravimetrically, and values of moisture contents were then plotted against relative humidity to construct moisture sorption isotherms for the species. Seeds of T. superba, T. ivorensis, M. altissima, E. angolense and K. anthotheca, exhibited a sigmoidal relationship between seed water content and relative humidity indicative of three regions of water binding. Contrarily to other reports, the shape of the isotherm curve for G. kola -a desiccation sensitive species -also showed the reversed sigmoid pattern similar to isotherm curves of orthodox species rather than the monotonic shape. The isotherms showed that seed moisture content increased with increasing relative humidity. Seed samples of G. kola, placed at all relative humidities chambers, lost water(desorption) as the initial water content of 58% was very high and, therefore, possessed a higher water potential than the environments. Seeds of the other species either lost water (desorption) to the relative humidity chambers, or absorbed water from the chambers depending on the relative humidity of the environment they were placed.

Hygroscopy as an Indicator of Specific Surface Area in Polymer Materials

“…Simpler methods use the adsorption of dyes or water vapor to evaluate SSA in polymers [ 3 , 8 , 23 ]. Water vapor adsorption is often used for SSA analysis in plant biopolymers of food [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In these studies, the calculation of SSA from water vapor sorption isotherms is based not only on the standard BET model, but also on the GAB (Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer) model, which is more adequate for S-shaped curves of water vapor sorption isotherms by polymeric materials [ 24 , 27 ].…”