Water sorption-based thermochemical storage materials: A review from material candidates to manufacturing routes

Abstract

A comprehensive and updated review is provided in this article, with a focus on water sorption-based thermochemical storage (WSTCS) materials, covering materials and their manufacturing routes. The state of the art of 22 most relevant salt hydrates is classified into seven groups (bromides, sulphates, carbonates, chlorides, nitrates, hydroxides, and sulphides) and studied as candidates. This is followed by a discussion on TCS material manufacturing, covering both conventional (shaping, pelletizing, etc.) and more advanced routes (e.g., extrusion, 3D printing, encapsulation, etc.). Finally, concluding remarks are presented, including limitations and future potentials for TCS research.

Thermochemical Energy Storage: an approach to integration pathways

“…Salt hydrates are the most studied materials for watersorption TCES given that they have the potential to cover all the requirements mentioned before; however, the TRL is still low (3-4) due to implementation challenges involving the conformation of the materials (to avoid phenomena as agglomeration of the hydrated form or low heat and mass transfer), structure and device stability control to achieve optimal performance. [23] For this work, we have selected the hydrated salt of MgCl2, which has been studied for water sorption TCES. [24] MgCl2 presents dehydration reactions around 100˚C, so it is a suitable candidate to store waste heat.…”

“…[24] MgCl2 presents dehydration reactions around 100˚C, so it is a suitable candidate to store waste heat. [23] One of the strategies to improve the performance of hydrated salts is to impregnate them in a porous matrix [23] that allows the enhancement of the sorption power (by increasing the surface) and avoids the agglomeration of the hydrated form.…”