Water-soluble polyelectrolyte complexes that extinguish fire on cotton fabric when deposited as pH-cured nanocoating

Haile, Merid; Fincher, Cole D.; Fomete, Sandra; Grunlan, Jaime C.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.01.022

Cited by 53 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This means that the same result might be obtained by applying only a few bilayers, thus reducing chemicals and processing time. An aqueous polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) of nitrogen poly(ethylenimine) and phosphorous‐rich (polysodium phosphate) species, similar to those studied here, have recently been shown to self‐extinguish cotton in just two processing steps . As noted above, there are promising routes to reduce the number of processing steps for LbL‐deposited coatings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Microintumescent mechanism of flame‐retardant water‐based chitosan–ammonium polyphosphate multilayer nanocoating on cotton fabric

Jimenez

Guin

Bellayer

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of nanocoatings on fabric substrates has been very successful in terms of reduction of flammability. In particular, an LbL system comprised ammonium polyphosphate as the polyanion and chitosan as the polycation, applied to cotton fabric, dramatically reduced cotton flammability. At this point, the fire-retardant (FR) mechanism of action of this system has never been fully elucidated. Sonicated and nonsonicated coated cotton fabrics were evaluated using a vertical flame test and mass loss calorimeter. Coating morphology was investigated before and after burning. Thermal analyses and chemical analyses in the condensed phase (and in the gas phase) were conducted to reveal the FR mechanism of action. At the cotton surface, a combination of both condensed (formation of aromatic char) and gas phase (release of water and highly flammable gases) mechanisms impart the FR behavior, promoting a kind of "microintumescence" phenomenon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Microintumescent mechanism of flame‐retardant water‐based chitosan–ammonium polyphosphate multilayer nanocoating on cotton fabric

Jimenez

Guin

Bellayer

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Consequently, massive efforts have been made to develop halogen-free flame retardant (Chen & Wang, 2010). Flame retardants, containing phosphorus, nitrogen, boron, silicon and other nanoparticles, have been explored to improve the fire resistance of fabrics (Abd El-Hady, Farouk, & Sharaf, 2013;Dogan, Yılmaz, & Bayramlı, 2010;El-Shafei, ElShemy, & Abou-Okeil, 2015;Farag et al, 2013;Haile, Fincher, Fomete, & Grunlan, 2015;Martín, Ronda, & Cádiz, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardation of cellulose-rich fabrics via a simplified layer-by-layer assembly

Yang

Wang

Deng

et al. 2016

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…[10,11] In order to apply films composed of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes to substrates using just one or two deposition steps, solutions containing polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) can be employed. [12][13][14][15] PECs are formed by the entropy-driven association of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in water and can exist as stable colloids, flocculants, or metastable coacervates. [16][17][18][19][20] Governed by conditions such as pH and ionic strength, PEC coacervation is marked by a liquid-liquid phase separation, where a polymer rich coacervate phase is in equilibrium with a polymer poor solution phase.…”

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confidence: 99%

Polyelectrolyte Coacervates Deposited as High Gas Barrier Thin Films

Haile

Sarwar

Henderson

et al. 2016

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Multilayer films deposited from water using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly have shown extraordinarily low oxygen permeability and are of high interest due to their robustness, tailorability, and ease of fabrication. [5][6][7][8][9] Despite all the advantages associated with LbL assembly, the large number of processing steps remains a considerable challenge for commercial use. [10,11] In order to apply films composed of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes to substrates using just one or two deposition steps, solutions containing polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) can be employed. [12][13][14][15] PECs are formed by the entropy-driven association of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in water and can exist as stable colloids, flocculants, or metastable coacervates. [16][17][18][19][20] Governed by conditions such as pH and ionic strength, PEC coacervation is marked by a liquid-liquid phase separation, where a polymer rich coacervate phase is in equilibrium with a polymer poor solution phase. PEC coacervates are composed of weakly bound polyelectrolytes, and have viscous liquid-like behavior that can be exploited to quickly apply them as thin films. [18,[21][22][23][24] In the present study, polyelectrolyte coacervates were applied to substrates using Meyer rod coating (a common type of blade coating), [25] in an effort to quickly fabricate thin oxygen barrier films in a single step. The Meyer rod is drawn across a substrate, doctoring off coating fluid, Multilayer coatings consisting of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes have proven to be extraordinarily effective oxygen barriers but require many processing steps to fabricate. In an effort to prepare high oxygen barrier thin films more quickly, a polyelectrolyte complex coacervate composed of polyethylenimine and polyacrylic acid is prepared. The coacervate fluid is applied as a thin film using a rod coating process. With humidity and thermal posttreatment, a 2 µm thin film reduces the oxygen transmission rate of 0.127 mm poly(ethylene terephthalate) by two orders of magnitude, rivalling conventional oxygen barrier technologies. These films are fabricated in ambient conditions using low-cost, water-based solutions, providing a tremendous opportunity for single-step deposition of polymeric high barrier thin films.

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Water-soluble polyelectrolyte complexes that extinguish fire on cotton fabric when deposited as pH-cured nanocoating

Cited by 53 publications

References 37 publications

Microintumescent mechanism of flame‐retardant water‐based chitosan–ammonium polyphosphate multilayer nanocoating on cotton fabric

Microintumescent mechanism of flame‐retardant water‐based chitosan–ammonium polyphosphate multilayer nanocoating on cotton fabric

Flame retardation of cellulose-rich fabrics via a simplified layer-by-layer assembly

Polyelectrolyte Coacervates Deposited as High Gas Barrier Thin Films

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