Water soluble organic electrochromic materials

Welsh, Thomas A.; Draper, Emily R.

doi:10.1039/d0ra10346b

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In case of complexes of transition metal ions can be caused by demetallation of the complex [28] . Stability of the color contrast can also be influenced by issues with device architecture, for example the use of a sealed or encapsulated device prevents solvent evaporation and air‐induced oxidation reactions [60] . An irreversible and partially irreversible redox events can also lead to degradation and loss of electrochromic contrast or it can be due to ion trapping degradation mechanism [61] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry and Electrochromic Performance of a Metallopolymer Formed by Electropolymerization of a Fe(II) Complex with a Triphenylamine‐Hydrazone Ligand

2022

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The complex of Fe(II) ions of general formula [FeL2](BF4)2 with triphenylamine‐hydrazone ligand L has been synthesized and characterized. Oxidative electropolymerization of the complex proceeded smoothly on the working electrode producing a homogenous thin film of metallopolymer. The film thickness and morphology of the layer was investigated by microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and the composition of the film was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. It was found that fifty successive oxidation/reduction cycles resulted in a 120 nm thick film on the electrode surface. The metallopolymer was also characterized using cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical methods. The film was found to change its color from yellow to green‐blue, exhibit high change in transmittance of 60 % at 770 nm, and possess good electrochemical stability during 375 cycles of switching of the potential between −0.1 V and +1.5 V, owing to the presence of metal ions that link two ligand molecules resulting in formation of highly cross‐linked film. The switching times (coloration and bleaching) were calculated to be 34.2 s and 7.3 s, respectively. Coloration efficiency of the formed film of polymeric complex was found to be 144 cm2 C−1.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry and Electrochromic Performance of a Metallopolymer Formed by Electropolymerization of a Fe(II) Complex with a Triphenylamine‐Hydrazone Ligand

2022

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“…Polythiophene (PT) and its derivatives are very promising conducting polymers due to their numerous remarkable properties such as environmental and thermal stability [1][2][3], high electrical conductivity [4][5][6] and interesting electronic and optical characteristics [7][8][9][10]. Thanks to these features, polythiophene offers several industrial applications in various fields, including electronic devices such as transistors [11][12][13], organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [14,15], photovoltaic cells [16][17][18][19], electrochromic devices [20,21] and sensors [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of strictly alpha,alpha’-polythiophene chains on oxidizable metals in acidic concentrated aqueous media

Bouabdallaoui

Aouzal

Guerraf

et al. 2022

J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng.

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Electropolymerization of thiophene was performed in aqueous acidic media on various substrates, namely, titanium, nickel and SS steel. The films were successfully elaborated using voltamperometric, chronopotentiometric and chronoamperometric techniques. It was shown that concentrated acids increase the solubility of the monomer, lower its oxidation potential and inhibit the dissolution of the working electrode. Furthermore, the electrosynthesized polythiophene (PT) films are homogeneous and present similar properties to those obtained in organic media. On the other hand, analyses by X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopies indicate the higher oxidation state of the polymers and the contribution of the supporting electrolyte in the doping process. In addition, IR spectra have demonstrated the strictly a, a’ linked polythiophene chains and an estimated degree of polymerization (DP) of about 40. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to characterize the morphology of the obtained coating. In this context, the nature of the films depends closely on the type of the electrode, the electrosynthesized mode and the electrolytic medium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, conjugated polymers are often used in tandem with organic electrolytes in encapsulated devices to preserve materials stability by preventing solvent leakage/evaporation and air-/ water-induced oxidation reactions. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] While most of the organic EC materials are designed such that they can be operated with organic-based electrolytes, those that are functionable within an aqueous medium have seen little progress. Non-flammable, environmentally benign, and nontoxic water-based systems are highly desirable not only due to their safer applications but also due to convenient disposal of consumer products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electropolymerized 1D Growth Coordination Polymer for Hybrid Electrochromic Aqueous Zinc Battery

Poh

Gong

et al. 2021

Advanced Science

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Organic materials are always viewed as promising electrochromic (EC) materials due to their synthetic versatility, color tunability, ready processability, and derivability from sustainable feedstocks. Most organic materials, however, are prone to undesirable redox side reactions in the presence of oxygen and water. As such, redox–active organic layers are often used in tandem with organic electrolytes to preserve their electrochemical stability. With the growing interest in electronics that are environmentally sustainable and biologically safe, developing aqueous‐compatible organic materials is gaining growing interest. Herein, a rationally designed iron terpyridyl coordination polymer (CP) is prepared by controlled electropolymerization for realization of aqueous compatible EC and energy storage applications. Detailed analysis is established, showing that the CP grows in a 1D fashion and exhibits a predominant capacitive behavior which is reflected from its rapid charge–transfer kinetics. Taking this as an advantage, an integrated hybrid electrochromic zinc battery device is demonstrated with high color contrast, fast response time, and good endurance.

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Water soluble organic electrochromic materials

Abstract: Here we discuss water soluble organic chromic materials classed as two different types, Type I - colourless to coloured and Type II - coloured to coloured states. This change in colour is vital in their applications.

Cited by 34 publications

References 87 publications

Electrochemistry and Electrochromic Performance of a Metallopolymer Formed by Electropolymerization of a Fe(II) Complex with a Triphenylamine‐Hydrazone Ligand

Electrochemistry and Electrochromic Performance of a Metallopolymer Formed by Electropolymerization of a Fe(II) Complex with a Triphenylamine‐Hydrazone Ligand

Electrodeposition of strictly alpha,alpha’-polythiophene chains on oxidizable metals in acidic concentrated aqueous media

Electropolymerized 1D Growth Coordination Polymer for Hybrid Electrochromic Aqueous Zinc Battery

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