Water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides of root and tuber crops: extraction, characteristics, properties, bioactivities, and applications

Eleocharis dulcis corm: phytochemicals, health benefits, processing and food products

“…52 In fact, in addition to starch, NSPs also account for a certain proportion in root and tuber crops. 37 As shown in Table 2, NSPs are found both in the pulp of E. dulcis corm and in the peel fraction. Although there is no exact report, NSP content in E. dulcis corm peel is likely to be higher than that in the pulp, because the reported highest extraction yield of NSPs in corm peel was 32.3% (w/w), 57 while the counterpart in pulp was 8.12% (w/w).…”

“…The reported carbohydrates comprise starches, total soluble sugar (TSS), dietary fiber (DF) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), of which starches can be used in food processing and industrial applications; 35 DF intake is associated with the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolic profile; 36 and NSPs are usually dedicated to various bioactivities. 37 Six vitamins are present in E. dulcis corm, with vitamin C having the highest level, at 70.0 mg kg −1 , which is higher than some common fruits such as pear (50.0 mg kg −1 ), apple (30.0 mg kg −1 ) and grape (40.0 mg kg −1 ). 26 There are ten minerals in E. dulcis corm, with potassium having the highest content, at 3.06 g kg −1 ; as we know, potassium plays an essential role in cardiovascular homeostasis, 38 and thus regular intake of E. dulcis corm would benefit the cardiovascular system.…”

“…Co-extraction of high amounts of starches and free proteins has been deemed a bottleneck, particularly with conventional extraction methods. 37 From Table 2, it can be seen that extraction yields of NSPs from E. dulcis corm pulp with microwave-or ultrasound-assisted extraction are higher than those with conventional hot-water extraction, [53][54][55] owing to the fact that microwave provides rapid heating and ultrasound produces intense physical mixing, which potentiates the release of natural compounds from plant materials. 62 Meanwhile, pretreatment with ⊍-amylase can degrade the coexisting starches to some extent, thereby facilitating the extraction of NSPs from starch-rich E. dulcis corm.…”

“…From Table 1, it can be observed that E. dulcis corm is a kind of low‐calorie food with carbohydrates as the dominant nutrient, followed by proteins. The reported carbohydrates comprise starches, total soluble sugar (TSS), dietary fiber (DF) and non‐starch polysaccharides (NSPs), of which starches can be used in food processing and industrial applications; 35 DF intake is associated with the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolic profile; 36 and NSPs are usually dedicated to various bioactivities 37 . Six vitamins are present in E. dulcis corm, with vitamin C having the highest level, at 70.0 mg kg −1 , which is higher than some common fruits such as pear (50.0 mg kg −1 ), apple (30.0 mg kg −1 ) and grape (40.0 mg kg −1 ) 26 .…”

“…Root and tuber crops are cultivated mainly for their corms, which are valued for high starch content, making them excellent sources of carbohydrates 52 . In fact, in addition to starch, NSPs also account for a certain proportion in root and tuber crops 37 . As shown in Table 2, NSPs are found both in the pulp of E. dulcis corm and in the peel fraction.…”