Water-Soluble Noble Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts Capped with Small Organic Molecules for Organic Transformations in Water

Abstract

This article recaps a variety of interesting catalytic studies based on solubilized and freely movable noble metal nanoparticle catalysts employed for organic reactions in either pure water or water−organic biphasic systems. Small organic ligandcapped metal nanoparticles are fundamentally attractive materials due to their enormous potential as a well-defined system that can provide spatial control near active catalytic sites. The nanoparticle catalysts are first grouped based on the synthetic method (direct reduction, phase transfer, and redispersion) and then again based on the type of reaction such as alkene hydrogenation, arene hydrogenation, nitroaromatic reduction, carbon−carbon coupling reactions, etc. The impacts of various ligands on the catalytic activity and selectivity of semi-heterogeneous nanoparticles in water are discussed in detail. The catalytic systems using polymers, dendrimers, and ionic liquids as supporting or protecting materials are excluded from the subject of this review.

Preparation of New Glycerol-Based Dendrimers and Studies on Their Behavior toward Essential Oil Encapsulation

“… 1 − 3 Due to their multivalent and monodisperse character, dendrimers have stimulated wide interest in the field of chemistry, physics, and biology. 4 Some recent applications have been reported in the literature especially in the fields of drug delivery, 5 − 7 photodynamic therapy, 8 electronics, 9 catalysis, 10 − 12 and water purification. 13 …”

“…Dendrimers are macromolecules synthesized from monomers in a three-dimensional structure following divergent or convergent approaches. − Due to their multivalent and monodisperse character, dendrimers have stimulated wide interest in the field of chemistry, physics, and biology . Some recent applications have been reported in the literature especially in the fields of drug delivery, − photodynamic therapy, electronics, catalysis, − and water purification …”

Universal Preparation Strategy for Ultradurable Antibacterial Fabrics through Coating an Adhesive Nanosilver Glue

“…Such properties depend on the physical and chemical properties of the nanosilver colloidal solution, which are mainly determined by their capping molecules [ 10 ]. Nanosilver allows for attachment of molecules on its surface through specific physical and chemical sorption, which should be attributed to their high surface chemical activity and high surface-to-volume ratio [ 11 , 12 ]. The functionalization of molecules is due to the following conditions.…”

Metallic active-site engineering: a bridge between covalent triazine frameworks and high-performance catalysts

“…The host-guest catalysis chemistry of metal nanoparticle-based composites have been well reviewed and widely summarized in recent years. [61][62][63][64][65][66] Therefore, the focus of this part lay on the impacting factors of thermocatalysis performances, ranging from the respective physical or chemical features of metal nanoparticles (M NPs) and CTFs to the interaction between M NPs and CTFs, including the heteroatom content in CTFs, the M NP sizes and content, and the M NP-CTF interactions. The impact of the heteroatom content in CTFs on the reaction performance of M NPs/CTFs can be considered from two aspects: (i) impact on the physical properties of metals: CTFs with a higher heteroatom content will bind metals more strongly, downsizing metal species; (ii) impact on the chemical properties of metals: CTFs with a higher heteroatom content will change the oxidation state of metal centers.…”