Water-Soluble Copolymers. 68. Polyelectrolytes of N-Vinylformamide with Sodium 3-Acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate, Sodium 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, and Sodium Acrylate:  Solution Behavior

Abstract

Dilute solution properties of copolymers of N-vinylformamide (NVF) with sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate (NaAMBA), sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (NaAMPS), and sodium acrylate (NaA) of known molecular weight and compositions have been studied in regard to added cosolutes, pH, and temperature. Phase separation studies have also been performed. All copolymers display typical polyelectrolyte behavior as observed by a reduction in viscosity in the presence of added electrolytes. Copolymers from all three series display losses of viscosity in the presence of urea at pH ) 8.5. With the exception of a few copolymers of NVF with NaA (AAVF-100, -82, and -49), all copolymers investigated exhibit no phase separation in the presence of calcium chloride at 25°C. Copolymers of NVF with NaAMPS (PSVF series) are soluble throughout the pH range investigated, while most copolymers from the BAVF and AAVF series phase separate as the pH of the aqueous medium is lowered. At low pH, phase separation at the lower critical solution temperature is observed for the BAVF series. Conversely, the phase separation of the AAVF copolymers is representative of an upper critical solution temperature and is affected by the presence of added cosolutes such as sodium chloride and urea.

Self-assembly of a series of random copolymers bearing amphiphilic side chains

“…So far, experimental results indicate that some architectural factors, such as the types of hydrophobic and ionic monomers [12][13][14][15][16][17], polymer composition [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], the degree of polymerization of polymer chains [22], and the type of spacer between hydrophobe and polymer backbone [17,[23][24][25][26][27] are important to determine the characteristics of side chain interaction of random polymers. The side chains may undergo intramolecular or intermolecular interaction, or both types of associations may take place synchronously to form various types of micelle-like assemblies.…”

Self-Association in Water of Copolymers of Acrylic Acid and N-Dodecylmethacrylamide As Studied by Fluorescence, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Rheological Techniques

“…In earlier papers, we reported that random copolymers of sodium 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS) and N-dodecylmethacrylamide (DodMAm) showed a strong preference for intrapolymer hydrophobic selfassociation in aqueous solutions independent of the polymer concentration, forming single macromolecular (unimolecular) micelles, even at high polymer concentrations. 13,20,21,28,29 McCormick and co-workers [4][5][6][7][8][9]30 reported the influence of the nature of charged groups in anionic polymers on various solution properties such as rheological behavior, phase separation in the presence of divalent cations, and responsiveness to changes in pH and ionic strength. They compared self-association properties of terpolymers of acrylamide (AM), n-decylacrylamide (C10AM) (0.5 mol %), and sodium acrylate (NaAA), sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate (NaAMB), or NaAMPS and found that AM/C10AM/NaAA terpolymers exhibited a much stronger tendency for interpolymer hydrophobic association than did AM/C10AM/ NaAMB and AM/C10AM/NaAMPS terpolymers.…”

“…We were motivated by these important results reported by McCormick and co-workers [4][5][6][7][8][9]30 to investigate the association properties of copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) and DodMAm (Chart 1) in comparison with those of AMPS/DodMAm copolymers. In the present paper, we report on the self-association properties of AA/ DodMAm copolymers with varying contents of DodMAm in aqueous solutions at varying pH.…”

Radical Copolymerization of N‐Vinylformamide with Methylvinylketone: An Approach to Iminium/Imine Ring Containing Polymers

“…Numerous publications clearly indicate the excellent copolymerization abilities of NVF . The copolymerization of NVF with vinyl monomers possessing electron deficient CC double bonds such as acrylates, acrylamides, or maleates yields copolymers with alternating tendencies, while copolymerization with ethylene or vinyl esters forms random types of copolymers . Alkaline hydrolysis of acrylate/NVF copolymers generates insoluble lactam polymers caused by intramolecular neighbor group reactions .…”