Water soluble compounds ofRosmarinus officinalisL. improve the oxidative and inflammatory states of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis

Abstract

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have been attributed to constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis. Considering the inflammatory nature of arthritis and the oxidative stress induced by the disease, this work aimed to investigate if R. officinalis is able to attenuate oxidative and inflammatory injuries caused by the disease. Rats with complete Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis were used. An aqueous extract of the rosemary leaves was administered orally. The parameters related to oxidative stress were measured in the liver, brain and plasma. The administration of the rosemary extract (RE) to arthritic rats diminished oxidative damage (e.g., less carbonylated proteins), improved the oxidative state (e.g., less reactive oxygen species) and also increased the antioxidant capacity by increasing the GSH level and the GSH/GSSG ratio and by almost normalizing the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. The treatment of arthritic rats with the extract also diminished paw edema, the number of leukocytes recruited in the femoro-tibial joint cavities and the weight of the lymph nodes and delayed the appearance of secondary lesions. Twelve phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the aqueous RE, rosmarinic acid being the most abundant one. In addition, the extract also contains polysaccharides and proteins. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the RE can be attributed, partly at least, to its content of polyphenolics with the strong possibility of synergistic interactions as well as metabolic activations. The results corroborate and amplify the general notion that rosemary aqueous extracts possess efficient anti-inflammatory agents and suggest that they are able to attenuate the oxidative stress inherent to arthritis.

Antidepressant Effects of Rosemary Extracts Associate With Anti-inflammatory Effect and Rebalance of Gut Microbiota

“…Despite the consequences following depression are serious, effective antidepressant drugs are limited. Rat experiments have demonstrated that RE owned effective anti-inflammatory function ( de Almeida Goncalves et al, 2018 ). However, no study has highlighted the antidepressant effects of RE on CRS mice, and the inflammatory mechanisms related to gut microbiome have not yet been elucidated.…”

Neuroprotection Comparison of Rosmarinic Acid and Carnosic Acid in Primary Cultures of Cerebellar Granule Neurons

“…The main constituent, rosmarinic acid ( Figure 1 A), is a naturally occurring hydroxylated polyphenol molecule found in several plant families, including Lamiaceae , Boraginaceae , and Blechnaceae [ 11 , 12 ]. It has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, and anti-angiogenic capabilities [ 9 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, rosmarinic acid appears to be neuroprotective and has been demonstrated to induce neuroprotection from reactive glial cells in in vitro models of AD, spinal cord injury, and PD by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Rosemary Flowers as Edible Plant Foods: Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Properties in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…4- O -caffeoylquinic acid (2 isomers), medioresinol (phenolic lignin), caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid (2 isomers) were the identified phenolic acids, whereas the flavonoid compounds found were glycoside derivates of luteolin (5 compounds), isorhamnetin (2 compounds) and quercetin (1 compound). All the mentioned compounds, with the exception of the phenolic lignin and isorhamnetin glycoside derivatives, have been previously described by the authors in other studies involving R. officinalis [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Thus, peak 3 ([M − H] − ion at m / z 387) presented two main MS 2 fragment ions at m/z 207 and 163, being tentatively identified as medioresinol, taking into account data reported in the literature [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”