Water-Soluble Barrier Material for Three-Layer Resist Systems

Abstract

We present a new optical polarimetric catalog for the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). It contains a total of 7207 stars, located in the northeast (NE) and Wing sections of the SMC and part of the Magellanic Bridge. This new catalog is a significant improvement compared to previous polarimetric catalogs for the SMC. We used it to study the sky-projected interstellar magnetic field structure of the SMC. Three trends were observed for the ordered magnetic field direction at position angles (PAs) of (65°± 10°), (115°± 10°), and (150°± 10°). Our results suggest the existence of an ordered magnetic field aligned with the Magellanic Bridge direction and SMC's Bar in the NE region, which have PAs roughly at 115 • . 4 and 45°, respectively. However, the overall magnetic field structure is fairly complex. The trends at 115°and 150°may be correlated with the SMC's bimodal structure, observed in Cepheids' distances and HI velocities. We derived a value of B (0.947 0.079) sky = ± μG for the ordered sky-projected magnetic field, and B (1.465 0.069) δ = ± μG for the turbulent magnetic field. This estimate of B sky is significantly larger (by a factor of ∼10) than the line of sight field derived from Faraday rotation observations, suggesting that most of the ordered field component is on the plane of the sky. A turbulent magnetic field stronger than the ordered field agrees with observed estimates for other irregular and spiral galaxies. For the SMC the B B sky δ ratio is closer to what is observed for our Galaxy than other irregular dwarf galaxies.

Tunable diffraction grating in flexible substrate by UV-nanoimprint lithography

“…The originality of this method is to transfer heterogeneous material on PDMS by using molybdenum oxide as inorganic sacrificial layers soluble in both hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) or water. Previous reports in the literature present these water-soluble properties for lift-off processes [26] or e-beam lithography [27,28]. In our case, we have used this molybdenum oxide property to pattern a flexible substrate [29].…”