Water shutoff and conformance improvement: an introduction

Seright, R.S.; Brattekås, Bergit

doi:10.1007/s12182-021-00546-1

Cited by 112 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 186 publications

(346 reference statements)

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“…Many authors [1,5,12,[41][42][43][44] agree that one of the most important criteria for assessing wells is the interpretation of the history of changes in the water ratio and its derivative, leading to the identification of the well water breakthrough mechanism. Correct identification of the water breakthrough mechanism allows the rejection of those wells which do not qualify for any chemical water shut-off treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Strategy for Pre-Selecting Gas Wells for the Water Shut-Off Treatment Based on Geological Integrated Data

et al. 2021

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This article presents a new analytical procedure for pre-selecting gas wells for water shut-off treatments based on available at hand results of an analysis of integrated geological, reservoir and exploitation data. Attention was paid to assess the possibility of the appearance of cross flows between layers in the near wellbore zone. Their appearance always eliminated the well as a candidate for the treatment. The basis for assessing the possibility of the emergence of cross flows was based on the assessment of the presence or absence of impermeable barriers (e.g., shales or anhydrite) in intervals, completed by perforation. For this assessment, well logging data were used, which were carried out in different years with the use of various types of probes. Based on modified quantitative and qualitative interpretation techniques, permeable and impermeable layers were separated in the analysed borehole sections. In some cases, in the absence of other data, well logs are the only source of information from which a vertical profile of horizontal permeability can be made. The article describes the verification process carried out for the eight wells situated in the area of the Carpathian Foredeep, which have been preselected by the operator. As part of this procedure, the available geological, reservoir and exploitation data were used, and a preliminary assessment of the possibility of implementing the obtained results into other wells and gas fields in the area of the Carpathian Foredeep was carried out. On the basis of the well ranking, two out of the eight analysed wells were recommended as candidates for water shut-off treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Strategy for Pre-Selecting Gas Wells for the Water Shut-Off Treatment Based on Geological Integrated Data

et al. 2021

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“…The gel must have enough stability under reservoir conditions to ensure that it can maintain good plugging performance. Otherwise, the gel may undergo processes that impair its plugging ability, such as syneresis [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syneresis Behavior of Polymer Gels Aged in Different Brines from Gelants

Guo

et al. 2022

Gels

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Gel syneresis is a common problem in gel treatment for oil recovery applications. In this study, a stable gel was prepared in a soft brine by using a water-soluble phenolic resin as a crosslinker, nanoparticles as a stabilizer, and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) or copolymers with different contents of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) groups as polymers. The syneresis behavior of the gels formed in a soft brine was evaluated upon aging in hard brines. The results show that when the salinity of the hard brine is lower than 30,000 mg/L, the gel expands, and its strength decreases; when the salinity of the hard brine is higher than 50,000 mg/L, the gel exhibits syneresis, and its strength increases. The effects of various influencing factors on the gel syneresis behavior were also evaluated. It was found that optimizing the polymer structure and adding nanoparticles can effectively overcome gel syneresis and enhance gel stability. Based on the research described in this paper, some proposals for designing salt-resistant polymer gels are presented.

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“…5 Therefore, the so-called conformance control and water shutoff technologies have been separately employed to homogenize the flow profile in the injection wells and to control the excess water in the production wells. 6 Various types of materials have been used to plug high-permeability thief zones. 7 Cement and sodium silicate are the most commonly used ones for water control 8,9 ; however, these slurries may not be able to penetrate effectively into the small leaks, 6 and they would block nonselectively both of water and oil paths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Various types of materials have been used to plug high-permeability thief zones. 7 Cement and sodium silicate are the most commonly used ones for water control 8,9 ; however, these slurries may not be able to penetrate effectively into the small leaks, 6 and they would block nonselectively both of water and oil paths. Thus, the concepts "relative permeability modification (RPM)" 10 and "disproportionate permeability reduction (DPR)" 11 were proposed successively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobically modified melamine‐formaldehyde sponge used for conformance control and water shutoff during oil production

Luo

Feng

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polymer or polymer gels have been widely used to control excessive water during oil production by homogenizing injection profile and reducing water cut in the produced fluids. However, the gels used are generally unable to selectively minimize water production, and face the challenge of syneresis of gels under high temperature and high salinity environment. In this work, melamineformaldehyde sponge was modified with AlCl 3 solution, rendering a transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic state with a water contact angle of 130 on the surface of the modified product. Filtration results show that mineral oil and water can be selectively separated with the hydrophobically modified sponge powders. Simulated water shutoff experiments demonstrated the blockage efficiency against water was 30% higher than that against oil, and the oil production was increased 7.4% after blocking. The parallel profile control tests confirmed that the fraction flow of high permeable channel decreased about 75%, accompanied with 60% rise of oil recovery factor. These results indicated that such hydrophobic materials can significantly reduce excessive water production, and this work provided a new idea to offer a low-cost hydrophobic material for conformance control and water shutoff during oil production.

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Water shutoff and conformance improvement: an introduction

Cited by 112 publications

References 186 publications

A New Strategy for Pre-Selecting Gas Wells for the Water Shut-Off Treatment Based on Geological Integrated Data

A New Strategy for Pre-Selecting Gas Wells for the Water Shut-Off Treatment Based on Geological Integrated Data

Syneresis Behavior of Polymer Gels Aged in Different Brines from Gelants

Hydrophobically modified melamine‐formaldehyde sponge used for conformance control and water shutoff during oil production

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