Water Security in Rio de Janeiro State

Ribbe, Lars; Formiga-Johnsson, Rosa Maria; Duval, Juan Luis Ramirez

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89644-1_15

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Studies on gravitational mass movements and floods susceptibility mapping, a landslide risk map (vulnerability, susceptibility and aptness for urbanization), floods susceptibility, hazard and risk mapping, and flood risk assessment, conducted by The State Civil Defense, the Environmental State Institute and the Environmental State Department of Mineral Resources were used as inputs to plan for the prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery actions for landslide hazards (Frank, and others, 2019). Moreover, an analysis of extreme drought events based on the evolution of total reservoir storage in the river basin were used to recommend actions to improve water security in the State (Ribbe, and others, 2019).…”

Section: Contribution To Drr Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions

Walz¹,

Nick²,

Roa³

et al. 2021

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Approaches integrating environmental management practices have been gaining importance in recent years. Sustainable Land Management (SLM), Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Ecosystem-based disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are widely applied approaches that tackle certain drivers of challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, decline in biodiversity and threats to livelihoods, while also considering both human well-being and ecosystem functions and services. Better understanding the similarities, differences and relationships between these approaches helps to improve efficiency in implementation and leverage synergies. By shedding more light on where these approaches align, investments in land-based solutions in response to different types of environmental challenges can be more effectively designed to achieve multiple targets. In response to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) decision 19/COP.14 paragraph 4, the main objective of this report is to understand and elaborate upon the characteristics of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. The report begins with an overview of the historical backgrounds and origins of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. Despite differences in their specific goals and targeted benefits, all approaches aim for the support of biodiversity, land-based ecosystems and ecosystem services and functions, and employ measures to conserve, restore and sustainably use land to support ecosystem services and functions, including SLM technologies. Furthermore, irrespective of their different goals, the projects developed under any approach can generate comparable co-benefits, especially due to their support of biodiversity. The capacity for all these approaches to deliver multiple co-benefits means that projects of each approach can directly contribute to implementing the specific goals of the other approaches as well. Thus, multiple global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions which call for the implementation of one or more of these approaches, can benefit from this report by avoiding duplication and reducing the overall investments necessary to achieve the set targets and goals. This is critical for achieving the ambitious Agenda 2030, including voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and climate action under the Paris Agreement. It will also be the case for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework currently under development. The added value that will come from optimizing the links among these approaches extends from national policymakers to the practitioners of SLM, EbA and Eco-DRR projects, which all share the ultimate goal of sustainable development. To capture the coherence and alignment among these approaches, their similarities and differences have been summarized in a conceptual framework. The framework has been designed to help practitioners understand the specific goals of each approach, and to link these to the relevant global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions, which can support monitoring and evaluation as well as reporting processes. The synergies among these approaches are further illustrated based on three case studies in order to demonstrate opportunities for leveraging multiple co-benefits and targets at implementation level irrespective of the different objectives under each. The results of this assessment demonstrate that activities under one approach can be beneficial to achieve the specific goals of other approaches with little additional effort. It is essential for policymakers, project developers and practitioners to recognize that. This is key to the achievement of sustainable development.

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Section: Contribution To Drr Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions

Walz¹,

Nick²,

Roa³

et al. 2021

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“…In the Muriaé, severe hydrological hazard ℎℎ ℎ was found in the Northeastern agricultural upstream area, along the streams and at the river basin outlet with 20 % in Sc 5 and another 20% in Sc 4. During the longterm drought in 2014-2015, the river stretch near the catchment outlet station fell dry (Nauditt et al, 2019b;Ribbe et al, 2018), with impacts on aquatic and riparian ecosystems and water users. This event was aggravated due to the fractured geological and alluvial characteristics of the downstream river bed (Nauditt et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Drought Hazard Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Droughts are a recurrent phenomenon in tropical regions worldwide (Adamson and Bird, 2010;Erfanian et al, 2017) and are expected to become more severe in the future (Sheffield et al, 2018). Recent drought disasters occurred in South-East Brazil, January 2014 to December 2015 (Nauditt et al, 2019b;Ribbe et al, 2018), followed by an El Niño triggered drought in 2015-2016 affecting Costa Rica (Herrera and Ault, 2017),…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical drought risk: estimates combining gridded vulnerability and hazard data

Nauditt

Stahl

Rodríguez

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Droughts are causing severe damages to water abundant tropical countries worldwide. Their resilience to water shortages tends to be low, often due to a lack of water infrastructure. Moreover, drought characteristics and risk in tropical catchments are poorly understood, which makes it difficult to select adequate adaptation measures. Thus, reliable methodologies to evaluate spatially distributed drought risk in data scarce tropical catchments are urgently needed. We combined drought hazard and vulnerability related information to assess drought risk in four rural tropical study regions, the Muriaé, subcatchment of the Paraíba do Sul in Southeast Brazil, the Tempisque-Bebedero in North Costa Rica, the upper part of the Magdalena basin, Colombia and the Srepok, a Mekong tributary shared by Cambodia and Vietnam. Drought hazard was defined based on three variables, daily river discharge and precipitation and vegetation condition. Conditions below defined thresholds were transformed into a cumulative drought index. To assess vulnerability, we reclassified and weighted globally and regionally available gridded socioeconomic data to represent the potential of a drought to cause damages in selected socioeconomic sectors of rural tropical regions. Besides illustrating the relative severity of each indicator value, we developed drought risk maps combining hazard and vulnerability severity for each grid cell. While for the Muriaé our results clearly identified the downstream area as being exposed to severe drought risk, the Tempisque showed highest risk along the major streams and related irrigation systems. Risk hotspots in the Upper Magdalena were found in the central valley and the dryer Southeast and in the Srepok in the agricultural areas of Vietnam and downstream in Cambodia. Plausibility of results was confirmed by local scientists and stakeholders, who evaluated the results for each indicator and risk hotspot. The presented risk assessment methodology for data scarce and rural tropical areas offers a holistic, science based and innovative solution to provide relevant drought related information. Being applied to individual catchments, the findings described in this article will enable the selection of data sets, indices and their classification - depending on basin size, spatial resolution and seasonality. At its current stage, the outcomes of this study provide relevant information for regional planners and water managers dealing with the control of future drought disasters in tropical regions.

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Water Security in Rio de Janeiro State

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions

Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions

Tropical drought risk: estimates combining gridded vulnerability and hazard data

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