Water Resources of Lebanon

Shaban, Amin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48717-1

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, the map of Lebanon is shown in relation to the rest of the globe on the bottom right of this panel. Figure 1B shows the potential recharge map for the whole Lebanese territory, and in our study area there is a mixture of high to very high recharge (yellow) in the West Beqaa, moderate recharge (orange) in the Rashaya District, and low to very low recharge (purple) in the Zahle District [27,28]. is a mixture of high to very high recharge (yellow) in the West Beqaa, moderate recharge (orange) in the Rashaya District, and low to very low recharge (purple) in the Zahle District [27,28].…”

Section: The Beqaa Plain Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We see in Figure 7F that the region of West Beqaa experiences highly varying interannual dynamics of GW throughout the data record (blue line in Figure 7F). This can be attributed to the significant contribution of water from snow from the western Lebanese mountain ranges, i.e., 12 million m 3 /yearear to the Qaraaoun Reservoir [27]. The interannual variability of groundwater storage change in West Beqaa is much larger than that of the other regions, and there is no depletion signal for this region (+0.08 cm/year).…”

Section: Groundwater Storage In the Beqaa Plainmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Groundwater Depletion Signals in the Beqaa Plain, Lebanon: Evidence from GRACE and Sentinel-1 Data

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regions with high productivity of agriculture, such as the Beqaa Plain, Lebanon, often rely on groundwater supplies for irrigation demand. Recent reports have indicated that groundwater consumption in this region has been unsustainable, and quantifying rates of groundwater depletion has remained a challenge. Here, we utilize 15 years of data (June 2002–April 2017) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission to show Total Water Storage (TWS) changes in Lebanon’s Beqaa Plain. We then obtain complimentary information on various hydrologic cycle variables, such as soil moisture storage, snow water equivalent, and canopy water storage from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) model, and surface water data from the largest body of water in this region, the Qaraaoun Reservoir, to disentangle the TWS signal and calculate groundwater storage changes. After combining the information from the remaining hydrologic cycle variables, we determine that the majority of the losses in TWS are due to groundwater depletion in the Beqaa Plain. Results show that the rate of groundwater storage change in the West Beqaa is nearly +0.08 cm/year, in the Rashaya District is −0.01 cm/year, and in the Zahle District the level of depletion is roughly −1.10 cm/year. Results are confirmed using Sentinel-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data, which provide high-precision measurements of land subsidence changes caused by intense groundwater usage. Furthermore, data from local monitoring wells are utilized to further showcase the significant drop in groundwater level that is occurring through much of the region. For monitoring groundwater storage changes, our recommendation is to combine various data sources, and in areas where groundwater measurements are lacking, we especially recommend the use of data from remote sensing.

show abstract

Section: The Beqaa Plain Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Groundwater Storage In the Beqaa Plainmentioning

confidence: 98%

Groundwater Depletion Signals in the Beqaa Plain, Lebanon: Evidence from GRACE and Sentinel-1 Data

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rivers in Lebanon are usually considered as the most significant water resources, as well as they are one of the known heritage sites and distinguished landscape. They show dense networks since there are 14 rivers located in the area of 10,452 km 2 . Therefore, the estimated total annual discharge is about 3452 million m 3 where there is about 20% of this discharge goes into the Transboundary Rivers, therefore, the net discharge from the Lebanese rivers is approximately 2800 million m 3 /year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, Lebanon with its small area represents as a regional hydrologic junction where water flows into three regional directions. These are regional flows: 1) northward to comprise a tributary of the Orates River Flow System, 2) southward forming a major tributary for Jordan River Flow System and 3) eastward where the Lebanese Coastal Rivers System flow to the Mediterranean Sea [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coastal rivers are relatively short where the longest one is El-Awali River which is about 61 km (curved). In addition, these rivers have nearly similar basin characteristics where the channel slope is relatively high and averages at 35-40 m/km, and this makes water flows rapidly between 5-and 10 km/hour in average [2]. This in turn results water loss into the sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rivers of Lebanon: Significant Water Resources under Threats

Shaban¹

2021

Hydrology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lebanon is known by tremendous water resources, and this has been often viewed from the considerable number of rivers (i.e. 14 rivers). These rivers are characterized by small catchments and short length. The estimated average annual discharge from these rivers is approximately 2800 million m3. Due to the sloping terrain of Lebanon; however, it was estimated that more than 75% of water from rivers is unexploited it mainly outlets into the sea. The majority of water use from the Lebanese rivers implies domestic, agriculture, as well as some other rivers are used for hydro-power generation where they contribute by about 20% of electricity needed for Lebanon. Lately, and added to water pollution, there is abrupt decline in the discharge from these rivers estimated to more than 60% of their average annual discharge. This unfavorable situation is attributed, in addition to the changing climate, to the anthropogenic interference is the most affecting one and it is represented by over pumping from these rivers and form the recharge zone for groundwater and springs that feed these rivers. This chapter aims at introducing a discussion on the existed challenges on the Lebanese rivers and the proposed and their impact.

show abstract

Hydrogeology of Geothermal Water Sources in Lebanon as an Alternative Energy Source

Shaban

2023

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water Resources of Lebanon

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Groundwater Depletion Signals in the Beqaa Plain, Lebanon: Evidence from GRACE and Sentinel-1 Data

Groundwater Depletion Signals in the Beqaa Plain, Lebanon: Evidence from GRACE and Sentinel-1 Data

Rivers of Lebanon: Significant Water Resources under Threats

Hydrogeology of Geothermal Water Sources in Lebanon as an Alternative Energy Source

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About