Water-resources data for the Mount Shasta area, northern California

Poeschel, K.R.; Rowe, Timothy G.; Blodgett, J.C.

doi:10.3133/ofr8665

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…with decreasing elevation (Nathenson and Thompson, 1990). Although the data for lower-elevation nonthermal springs deviate from the higher-elevation Poeschel et al (1986) and Mariner et al (1990). a Chloride value probably too high based on data from other springs.…”

Section: Temperature Chemistry and Isotopes Of Springsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Analyses in Table 2 (Mariner et al, 1990;Poeschel et al, 1986) show that the summit spring is an acid-sulfate type water produced by steam and gases £owing into locally derived water and dissolving rock adjacent to the spring. This acid dissolution results in water chemistry that cannot be used to derive temperatures from geothermometers based on water chemistry.…”

Section: Shasta Valley Springsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations

Nathenson

Thompson

White

2003

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Temperature measurements, isotopic contents, and dissolved constituents are presented for springs at Mount Shasta to understand slightly thermal springs in the Shasta Valley based on the characteristics of non-thermal springs. Non-thermal springs on Mount Shasta are generally cooler than mean annual air temperatures for their elevation. The specific conductance of non-thermal springs increases linearly with discharge temperature. Springs at higher and intermediate elevations on Mount Shasta have fairly limited circulation paths, whereas low-elevation springs have longer paths because of their higher-elevation recharge. Springs in the Shasta Valley are warmer than air temperatures for their elevation and contain significant amounts of chloride and sulfate, constituents often associated with volcanic hydrothermal systems. Data for the Shasta Valley springs generally define mixing trends for dissolved constituents and temperature. The isotopic composition of the Shasta Valley springs indicates that water fell as precipitation at a higher elevation than any of the non-thermal springs. It is possible that the Shasta Valley springs include a component of the outflow from a proposed 210 ‡C hydrothermal system that boils to supply steam for the summit acid-sulfate spring. In order to categorize springs such as those in the Shasta Valley, we introduce the term slightly thermal springs for springs that do not meet the numerical criterion of 10 ‡C above air temperature for thermal springs but have temperatures greater than non-thermal springs in the area and usually also have dissolved constituents normally found in thermal waters. ß

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Section: Temperature Chemistry and Isotopes Of Springsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Shasta Valley Springsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations

Nathenson

Thompson

White

2003

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Seasonal macrophyte growth constrains extent, but improves quality, of cold‐water habitat in a spring‐fed river

Nichols

Lusardi

Willis

2020

Hydrological Processes

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Rooted aquatic macrophytes affect abiotic conditions in low‐gradient rivers by altering channel hydraulics, consuming biologically available nutrients, controlling sediment transport and deposition, and shading the water surface. Due to seasonal macrophyte growth and senescence, the magnitude of these effects may vary temporally. Seasonal changes in aquatic macrophyte biomass, channel roughness and flow velocity, were quantified and trends were related to spatiotemporal patterns in water temperature in a low‐gradient, spring‐fed river downstream from high‐volume, constant‐temperature groundwater springs. Between spring and summer, a nearly threefold increase in macrophyte biomass was positively correlated with channel roughness and inversely related to flow velocity. On average, flow velocity declined by 34% during the study period, and channel roughness increased 63% (from 0.064 to 0.104). During the spring and fall period, the location of a minimum water temperature variability “node” migrated upstream more than 4 km, whereas daily maximum water temperature cooled by 2–3°C. Water temperature modelling shows that the longitudinal extent of cold‐water habitat was shortened due to increased channel roughness independent of seasonal surface water diversions. These results suggest that macrophyte growth mediates spatiotemporal patterns of water temperature, constraining available cold‐water habitat while simultaneously improving its quality. Understanding complex spatial and temporal dynamics between macrophyte growth and water temperature is critical to developing regulatory standards reflective of naturally occurring variability and has important implications for the management and conservation of cold‐water biota.

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Water Temperature Patterns Below Large Groundwater Springs: Management Implications for Coho Salmon in the Shasta River, California

Nichols

Willis²,

Jeffres

et al. 2013

River Research & Apps

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Elevated stream temperature is a primary factor limiting the coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) population in California's Shasta River Basin. Understanding the mechanisms driving spatial and temporal trends in water temperature throughout the Shasta River is critical to prioritising river restoration efforts aimed at protecting this threatened species. During the summer, the majority of streamflow in the Shasta River comes from large-volume, cold-water springs at the head of the tributary Big Springs Creek. In this study, we evaluated the initial character of this spring water, as well as the downstream fate and transport of these groundwater inflows during July and August 2008. Our results indicated that Big Springs Creek paradoxically provided both cool and warm waters to the Shasta River. During this period, cool groundwater inflows heated rapidly in the downstream direction in response to thermal loads from incoming solar radiation. During the night time, groundwater inflows did not appreciably heat in transit through Big Springs Creek. These diurnally varying water temperature conditions were inherited by the Shasta River, producing longitudinal temperature patterns that were out of phase with ambient meteorological conditions up to 23 km downstream. Findings from this study suggest that large, constant temperature spring sources and spring-fed rivers impart unique stream temperature patterns on downstream river reaches that can determine reach-scale habitat suitability for cold-water fishes such as coho salmon. Recognising and quantifying the spatiotemporal patterns of water temperature downstream from large spring inflows can help identify and prioritize river restoration actions in locations where temperature patterns will allow rearing of cold-water fishes. Figure 1. Stream temperature monitoring sites located in the Shasta River Basin, California. Shasta River (SR) and Big Springs Creek (BSC) river kilometer locations (e.g. SR 44.03) and the downstream distance from groundwater spring sources located at the head of Big Springs Creek [e.g. (13.16)] are presented for each temperature logger WATER TEMPERATURE PATTERNS BELOW SPRINGS 443

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Water-resources data for the Mount Shasta area, northern California

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations

Slightly thermal springs and non-thermal springs at Mount Shasta, California: Chemistry and recharge elevations

Seasonal macrophyte growth constrains extent, but improves quality, of cold‐water habitat in a spring‐fed river

Water Temperature Patterns Below Large Groundwater Springs: Management Implications for Coho Salmon in the Shasta River, California

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