Water repellent surface impregnation for extension of service life of reinforced concrete structures in marine environments: The role of cracks

Dai, Jian‐Guo; Akira, Yoshikazu; Wittmann, Folker H.; Yokota, Hiroshi; Zhang, Peng

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.11.001

Cited by 219 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Silane sealers are water repellent agents that penetrate the surface pores of concrete reacting with the hydrated cement particles, this creates a barrier to stop further water ingress through absorption (Dai et al, 2010). This is not a treatment without environmental concerns and should not be used in conjunction with porous buildings materials such as natural stone etc.…”

Section: Silane Sealersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface consolidation of natural stone materials using microbial induced calcite precipitation

et al. 2014

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Purpose – Deterioration in natural stone is associated with many decay mechanisms and often the inherent composition of the materials themselves. Sandstone varies considerably but they all require a cementing matrix to bind amongst others, the silica (SiO2) particles together (Reading, 1989). In calcareous sandstones and limestones this binding matrix is principally calcium carbonate based (Muir, 2006; Reading, 1989; McMillan et al., 1999) in the form of calcite (CaCO3). Friable sandstone substrates and stones suffering from “surface dissolution” or disaggregation (Muir, 2006; Smith et al., 1992) have been traditionally consolidated utilising a host of chemical compounds that had, in many cases negative effects on their long-term performance (Muir, 2006). A principle issue amongst many was moisture entrapment and irreversibility of the consolidants adopted. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper investigates the effect of microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) as a natural treatment for the conservation of historic natural stone substrates. Sporosarcina pasteurii has been proven as a bacterium that can perform MICP effectively in extreme conditions making it the preferred bacterium for the MICP process within this study. Surface treatment experiments were analysed by measuring the mass increase and surface changes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings – The surface treatments showed a noticeable mass increase and observable deposition when viewed using a SEM microscope. Bio cementation of loose sand particles was observed and the degree of cementation was determined using a Moh's hardness test. Research limitations/implications – Recommendations for further work to improve this study are: use an increased Sporosarcina pasteurii cell optical density which would provide a greater calcite output. Carry out a paired comparison initial surface absorption test (BS 1881: Part 208, 1996 or ASTM C 1585-04, 2004). To be carried out on untreated control and MICP samples which would determine the pore blocking effect and surface repair capability of the treated samples. Practical implications – A method for obtaining optimal results in terms of surface treatment would involve reducing the time between mixing and application, this would require having the two reaction constituents mixed only seconds before use. Using a late mix spray application system has the potential to allow the two mixtures to combine in the spray nozzle whilst exiting the apparatus. Originality/value – This paper investigates a safe, natural process for stone repair.

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Section: Silane Sealersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface consolidation of natural stone materials using microbial induced calcite precipitation

et al. 2014

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“…Additionally, compared to the other type of surface treatment with the sodium silicate-based concrete sealers, the hydrophobic impregnation can more effectively prevent water absorption and chloride penetration into concrete and thus more efficiently prevent the initiation of corrosion of steel reinforcement [2]. Consequently, the assessment methods, the laboratory and long-term field performances of such hydrophobic impregnation and the corresponding mechanisms have been extensively investigated [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since silane was introduced as a protective agent for porous cement-based materials about 50 years ago [1], the hydrophobic impregnation has increasingly won favor [2] because not only it is the least harmful to essential concrete appearance [3] but also it does not interrupt construction work, and is hence cost-effective [2,[4][5]. Additionally, compared to the other type of surface treatment with the sodium silicate-based concrete sealers, the hydrophobic impregnation can more effectively prevent water absorption and chloride penetration into concrete and thus more efficiently prevent the initiation of corrosion of steel reinforcement [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Methods for Creating a Waterborne Saline-Based Hydrophobic Agent for Waterproofing Use

Xue¹,

Li²,

Yang³

et al. 2016

dteees

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“…For the purpose of delaying the Cl − concentration at the surface of steel reinforcement reaching the critical value leading to initial corrosion, the permeability of concrete is usually improved by optimizing the concrete mixture to achieve high compatibility as well as optimized pore structure. In recent years, controlled permeability formwork (CPF) which was originally developed to obtain much smoother surface of the concrete proves to promote the service performance of the concrete by enhancing the surface layer which could protect the structure from Cl − further (Dai, Akira, Wittmann, Yokota, & Zhang, 2010;Ibrahim, Al-Gahtani, Maslehuddin, & Almusallam, 1997;Suryavanshi & Swamy, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Controlled Permeability Formwork on the Permeability of Concrete

Lin¹,

Jiang²,

Liu³

2014

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the Durability of Concrete Structures

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Corrosion of steel reinforcement related to the intrusion of chloride ion is still the main threats to the durability of concrete structure, especially in marine environment. For the purpose of delaying the Cl − concentration at the surface of steel reinforcement reaching the critical value leading to initial corrosion, the permeability of concrete is usually improved by optimizing the concrete mixture to achieve high compatibility as well as optimized pore structure. In recent years, controlled permeability formwork (CPF) which was originally developed to obtain much smoother surface of the concrete proves to promote the service performance of the concrete by enhancing the surface layer which could protect the structure from Cl − further. In this paper, influence of the CPF on the permeability of concrete was studied with different water to binder ratio, fluidity, and fly ash content. Furthermore, mathematical models were established to discuss the influence on the permeability of the concrete and service life of the structure.

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Water repellent surface impregnation for extension of service life of reinforced concrete structures in marine environments: The role of cracks

Cited by 219 publications

References 9 publications

Surface consolidation of natural stone materials using microbial induced calcite precipitation

Surface consolidation of natural stone materials using microbial induced calcite precipitation

The Methods for Creating a Waterborne Saline-Based Hydrophobic Agent for Waterproofing Use

Influence of Controlled Permeability Formwork on the Permeability of Concrete

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