“… Cementation | Controlled potential permits for the separation of precious metals, effective when carried out by reduction with metallic iron | Excess conciliatory metal consumption | Jouhara H et al ( 2021 ) | 5 | Pharmaceutics | Acetone, hexane, isopropanol | Electrolytes like sodium chloride, calcium gluconate | Chromatography | High accuracy, precision, recovery | Since the eluent is itself an electrolyte, it is difficult to determine the separated analytes against eluent | Savelski MJ et al ( 2017 ) |
6 | Food | Deep eutectic solvents like choline chloride with glycerol, phenyl acetic acid that is used for the separation of organic compounds such as phenolic, aromatic, sugars, flavonoids from food samples | Nitric acid (mineral acid), hydrochloric acid, lactic acid, etc. | Crystallization and evaporation | Low temperature and less energy requirement | Yield is limited by phase equilibrium | Hernández K et al ( 2021 ) |
7 | Machinery | Oils | Acetone, hexane, xylene, methyl ethyl ketones, alcohols | Resin adsorption | High capacity and selectivity of the resin | Excess rinse time and migration of cation resin into anion unit can cause leakage problems | Dutournié P et al ( 2019 ) |
8 | Organic chemicals | Organic solvents like acetone, isopropanol, methanol, methanol, ethanol, hexane | Inorganic acids such as HCl, HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 | Acid and ion retardation | High accuracy, recovery and regeneration limits the emission of harmful gases | High energy consumption, lack of selectivity towards heavy metals | Wang S et al ( 2019 ) |
9 | Agriculture | Special metals like lead, chromium, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, etc. | |
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