Water Reclamation and Reuse

Mackie, Allison L.; Woszczynski, M.; Farmer, H.; Walsh, Margaret E.; Gagnon, Graham A.

doi:10.2175/106143009x12445568399811

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Consequently, PSD measurements have a significant potential of complementing respirometric methods in better interpreting COD fractionation as related to biodegradation. Recently, segregation of domestic sewage into two main fractions, namely black water, which is usually restricted with toilet wastes and gray water, which is the remaining wastewater originating from bathtubs, showers, hand-washing basins, washing machines, and kitchen, has been the subject of substantial research effort [18][19][20]. This approach was mainly discussed in terms of practical implications it offered, such as better treatability, recycle, and reuse etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Distribution Analysis of Chemical Oxygen Demand Fractions with Different Biodegradation Characteristics in Black Water and Gray Water

Hocaoğlu

Orhon

2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The study investigated the particle size distribution of major organic pollutants in black water and gray water fractions of domestic sewage. Particle size distribution was assessed by means of a filtration/ultrafiltration sequence together with laser diffraction. Emphasis was placed upon the correlation between the size distribution of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and its biodegradation characteristics obtained by respirometric analysis. Particle size distribution analysis provided specific fingerprints for COD, total organic carbon (TOC), carbohydrates, proteins, and color for black water and gray water: Aside from significant difference between COD contents, the more concentrated COD was predominantly in particulate form in black water, whereas soluble COD accounted for nearly 60% of the total in gray water. TOC and carbohydrate exhibited a similar pattern. Size distribution of particulate matter yielded different characteristics for the two fractions and indicated that settleable matter should be considered as a significant portion in assessing biodegradation. Particle size distribution of COD, although not directly related, gave an accurate image of biodegradation, indicating that particle size was basically the main parameter for differentiating and predicting major COD fractions with different biodegradation characteristics. It explained the dual hydrolysis mechanism associated with the black water based on the existence of a significant settleable COD fraction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Distribution Analysis of Chemical Oxygen Demand Fractions with Different Biodegradation Characteristics in Black Water and Gray Water

Hocaoğlu

Orhon

2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Reverse osmosis (RO) is increasingly being used to purify impaired drinking water sources and to facilitate the reuse of wastewater effluents – . Although RO produces a high quality effluent, the concentrate is high in dissolved solids and dissolved organic carbon (DOC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Destruction of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in Reverse Osmosis Concentrates using Boron-doped Diamond Film Electrodes

Chaplin

Schrader

Farrell

2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Boron-doped diamond (BDD) film electrodes were use to electrochemically destroy N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in reverse osmosis (RO) concentrates. Batch experiments were conducted ito investigate the effects of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chloride (Cl(-)), bicarbonate (HCO(3-) and hardness on rates of NDMA destruction via both oxidation and reduction. Experimental results showed that NDMA oxidation rates were not affected by DOC, Cl(-), or HCO(3-) at concentrations present in RO concentrates. However, hydroxyl radical scavenging at 100 mM concentrations of HCO(3-) and Cl(-) shifted the reaction mechanism of NDMA oxidation from hydroxyl radical mediated to direct electron transfer oxidation. In the 100 mM Cl(-) electrolyte experimental evidence suggests that the in situ production of ClO(3)(.)also contributes to NDMA oxidation. Density functional theory calculations support a reaction mechanism between ClO(3)(.) and NDMA, with an activation barrier of 7.2 kJ/mol. Flow-through experiments with RO concentrate yielded surface area normalized first-order rate constants for NDMA (40.6 +/- 3.7 L/m(2) h) and DOC (as C) (38.3 +/- 2.2 L/m(2) h) removal that were mass transfer limited at a 2 mA/cm(2) current density. This research shows that electrochemical oxidation using BDD electrodes has an advantage over other advanced oxidation processes, as organics were readily oxidized in the presence of high HCO(3-) concentrations.

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“…Chemical toxicity is not the only serious consequence of spills, most PDPs exhibit dense and opaque physical characteristics so that, when on the sea surface, they prevent sunlight from reaching the biological marine environment, which represents a clear threat to sea-living creatures [ 10 ]. Furthermore, part of the water used in agriculture is recycled water from PDP polluted sources, which means that a proportion of these polluting substances could be absorbed by agricultural produce, and later on, be ingested by animals or people with harmful consequences [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method Based on Headspace-Ion Mobility Spectrometry for the Detection and Discrimination of Different Petroleum Derived Products in Seawater

Jaén-González

Aliaño-González

Ferreiro-González

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The objective of the present study is to develop an optimized method where headspace-ion mobility spectrometry is applied for the detection and discrimination between four petroleum-derived products (PDPs) in water. A Box–Behnken design with a response surface methodology was used, and five variables (incubation temperature, incubation time, agitation, sample volume, and injection volume) with influences on the ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) response were optimized. An IMS detector was used as a multiple sensor device, in which, each drift time acts as a specific sensor. In this way, the total intensity at each drift time is equivalent to multiple sensor signals. According to our results, 2.5 mL of sample incubated for 5 min at 31 °C, agitated at 750 rpm, and with an injection volume of 0.91 mL were the optimal conditions for successful detection and discrimination of the PDPs. The developed method has exhibited good intermediate precision and repeatability with a coefficient of variation lower than 5%, (RSD (Relative Standard Deviation): 2.35% and 3.09%, respectively). Subsequently, the method was applied in the context of the detection and discrimination of petroleum-derived products added to water samples at low concentration levels (2 µL·L−1). Finally, the new method was applied to determine the presence of petroleum-derived products in seawater samples.

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Water Reclamation and Reuse

Cited by 14 publications

References 66 publications

Particle Size Distribution Analysis of Chemical Oxygen Demand Fractions with Different Biodegradation Characteristics in Black Water and Gray Water

Particle Size Distribution Analysis of Chemical Oxygen Demand Fractions with Different Biodegradation Characteristics in Black Water and Gray Water

Electrochemical Destruction of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in Reverse Osmosis Concentrates using Boron-doped Diamond Film Electrodes

A Novel Method Based on Headspace-Ion Mobility Spectrometry for the Detection and Discrimination of Different Petroleum Derived Products in Seawater

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