Water quality problems of urban areas

Hall, Michael J.; Ellis, John B.

doi:10.1007/bf00186340

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The economic significance stems from the fact that structural measures for water quality control such as detention/retention basins are often designed for the initial component of urban runoff. Hall and Ellis (1985) have claimed that the first flush phenomenon is over emphasised and only 60-80% of storms exhibit an early flushing regime. As Deletic (1998) has pointed out, in view of the diverse definitions, varying sampling strategies and data collection methods, it is difficult to compare results from different studies.…”

Section: The Management Dilemmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These contaminants will detrimentally impact on aquatic organisms and alter the characteristics of the ecosystem. This results in a water body which is fundamentally changed from its natural state (Hall and Ellis, 1985;House et al, 1993;Wahl et al, 1997). The pollutant impact and 'shock load' associated with stormwater runoff can be significantly higher than secondary treated domestic sewage effluent (House et al, 1993;Novotny et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the role of land use in urban stormwater quality management

Goonetilleke

Thomas

Ginn³

et al. 2005

Journal of Environmental Management

288

144

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Urbanisation significantly impacts on water environments with increased runoff and the degradation of water quality. The management of quantity impacts are straight forward, but quality impacts are far more complex. Current approaches to safeguard water quality are largely ineffective and guided by entrenched misconceptions with a primary focus on 'end-of-pipe' solutions. The outcomes of a research study presented in the paper, which investigated relationships between water quality and six different land uses offer practical guidance in the planning of future urban developments. In terms of safeguarding water quality, high density residential development which results in a relatively smaller footprint would be the preferred option. The research study outcomes bring into question a number of fundamental concepts and misconceptions routinely accepted in stormwater quality management. The research findings confirmed the need to move beyond customary structural measures and identified the key role that urban planning can play in safeguarding urban water environments.Keywords: multivariate analysis, stormwater quality management, urban water quality, water quality impacts 3

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Section: The Management Dilemmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the role of land use in urban stormwater quality management

Goonetilleke

Thomas

Ginn³

et al. 2005

Journal of Environmental Management

288

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There have been numerous studies describing the generally poor quality of runoff from various urban surfaces such as roofs (Bridgman 1992, Garnaud et al 1999, roads and other transport related surfaces (Sartor and Boyd 1972, Schuler 1987, Ball et al 1998, Drapper et al 2000, Shinya et al 2000 and impervious surfaces generally (Ladson et al 2006, Conway 2007. Many studies have sought to quantify the degree to which urban stormwater adversely influences waterway health (Dunne and Leopold 1978, Klein 1979, Hall and Ellis 1985, Walsh et al 2001, Hatt et al 2004, Walsh 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of concrete and PVC pipes on urban water chemistry

Davies

Wright

Jonasson³

et al. 2010

Urban Water Journal

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Waterways contain a chemical signature of catchment land use, climate and geology. This is increasingly being influenced by the urban landscape and particularly the composition of materials and activities that occur on impervious surfaces. This paper examines the degree and extent of two types of drainage materials, concrete and PVC, on urban water chemistry. This study found that water collected from a zinc and slate/tile roof and stored in a plastic rain tank (roof water) was acidic (pH 4.79) and had low bicarbonate concentrations (0.5 mg/l), water from an undeveloped catchment (reference creek) was mildly acidic (pH 5.5) with bicarbonate concentrations of 1.7 mg/l while water from a stream draining a residential catchment (urban creek) was mildly alkaline (pH 7.35) with bicarbonate concentrations of 36.3mg/l. The three types of water were then circulated through a concrete pipe or PVC pipe for 100 min and measured for a range of water chemical attributes. Roof water and water from the reference creek reported a significant increase across a range of analytes, most notably bicarbonate and calcium levels when passed through the concrete pipe, while water from the urban creek changed a lesser amount. When passed through the PVC pipe the changes in water chemistry were significantly less for roof water and urban creek water. The data suggests that in-transport processes from concrete drainage systems are having a significant influence on water chemistry, particularly where inflow is acidic. The major factor identified in this study could be attributed to the dissolution of calcium, bicarbonate and potassium ions from the concrete pipe. This could impact on receiving environments that are naturally acidic and low in bicarbonate, such as those in northern Sydney. The implications of this study point towards a need to consider the type of materials used in urban drainage networks if water chemistry and stream ecosystem health is to be protected.

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“… Table compiled from Hall & Ellis (1985), Luker & Montague (1994), Butler & Clark (1995) and Mitchell (2001). …”

Section: Quality Of Diffuse Urban Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban diffuse pollution: key data information approaches for the Water Framework Directive

Ellis

Mitchell

2006

Water & Environment J

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The Water Framework Directive (WFD) provides a coherent structure within which the problems of diffuse urban pollution can be effectively tackled and managed. The context of impermeable surface water quality within the terms of the Directive are outlined, and the pollutant sources and loadings associated with various urban land uses are identified. Stormwater flows and quality are sufficient to prejudice any 'good' ecological potential, particularly in terms of chronic receiving water sediment toxicity. A simple volume-concentration method for the prediction of pollutant loadings and impact assessment on a subcatchment scale is described and discussed.

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Water quality problems of urban areas

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Understanding the role of land use in urban stormwater quality management

Understanding the role of land use in urban stormwater quality management

Impact of concrete and PVC pipes on urban water chemistry

Urban diffuse pollution: key data information approaches for the Water Framework Directive

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