Water Quality of the upper Litani River Basin, Lebanon

Haydar, Chaden; Nehme, Nada; Awad, Sadek; Koubaissy, Bachar; Fakih, Mohamad G.; Yaacoub, Ali; Toufaily, Joumana; Villeras, Frederic; Hamieh, Tayssir

doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2014.07.040

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In recent decades, the water quality of the upper Litani basin has been deteriorated [13]. Unfortunately, this resource is subjected to a strong pollution exerted by the urban, industrial and agricultural development concentrated in its coastal zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Properties of the Waters on the Litani River Station Quaraoun

Hayek¹,

Tabaja²,

Abbad-Andaloussi³

et al. 2020

AJAC

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Water security is a very important purpose facing the world in the last decay as one of the main consequences related to the risks of climate change. Water quality of Litani River's at Quaraoun Lake station in Lebanon was evaluated by measuring various physicochemical parameters between 2008 and 2018. Samples were performed and analyzed the first of every month. Different analytical methods were used to determine the values of 11 physico-chemical parameters. Different statistical methods, such as Principal Component Analysis and the Times Series Representation, were applied to the results to evaluate the water characteristics, determine the operation of the ecosystem and study the correlation between the different parameters in the Quaraoun station. Industrial, agricultural and sewage water pollution of the Litani River were demonstrated by the high concentration of sulfate, phosphate and ammonia. High bacterial activity was proved from the high decreasing of the dissolved oxygen. Important correlations between the different parameters and between the parameters of the ecosystem and the weather were proved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, this resource is subjected to a strong pollution exerted by the urban, industrial and agricultural development concentrated in its coastal zones. The study of the environmental problem which is linked to the water pollution in this river, notably Quaraoun Lake is not new [13] [14] [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Properties of the Waters on the Litani River Station Quaraoun

Hayek¹,

Tabaja²,

Abbad-Andaloussi³

et al. 2020

AJAC

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“…Generally, DO value should be about 6 mg/L for drinking purposes and > 4 mg/L for sustaining the healthy aquatic ecosystems including the metabolic activities of microorganisms [30]. In this study, the concentration of DO varied from 4.26 to 6.69 mg/L which is within the permissible range for the survival and growth of the aquatic organisms.…”

Section: General Hydrochemical Patternsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Hydrochemical assessment of the Beeshazar and associated lakes in Central Nepal

et al. 2021

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Water quality deterioration has threatened aquatic life around the world including Nepal, which has been a serious issue for environmental sustainability and economic development. This study evaluated and interpreted hydrochemical parameters of the Beeshazar and associated lakes in Central Himalaya, Nepal. The study revealed that the water in the lake was slightly alkaline as the average pH was 7.52. The correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) identified both geogenic and anthropogenic processes as the controlling factors of hydrochemistry whereas the cluster analysis (CA) showed relatively more pollution in the associated Laxmi Lake. Also, the water quality index (WQI) classified the water as “good” for drinking purposes (i.e., WQI = 33.90), while the pollution index (PI) values were characterized as sub-cleanness and slightly polluted. In general, both the WQI and PI signify that water in the lake complex is currently safe for drinking purposes. It is further confirmed from the comparative analysis of chemical variables with other lakes in the region, WHO and national water quality guidelines for aqua culture that the most of the analyzed water parameters exhibited relatively low concentrations and were within the prescribed guidelines. However, the elevated concentrations of NO3− and PO43− may pose serious problems for retaining water quality in the future. The results could be considered for future planning and management of the Ramsar Lakes of the lowland areas in the Himalaya and also as a valuable reference for the freshwater researchers at the national and international levels.

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“…This is due to the leaching of CaCO 3 by the soil. The concentration of CaCO 3 in water during the two years of the study was increased from 200 to 570 mg/l from the S1 till S7 (Haydar et al, 2014). XRD indicated also the presence of minerals Anorthoclase ((Na, K)AlSi 3 O 8 ) in sites 1 and 3; hematite Fe 2 O 3 and orthoclase KAISi 3 O 8 in site 2 and goethite: Fe 3+ (OH) in site 4 (Figure 4).…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 86%

Heavy Metals Content in Water and Sediments in the Upper Litani River Basin, Lebanon

Haydar¹,

Tarawneh²,

Nehme³

et al. 2022

GEP

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Surface water quality is largely influenced by both natural processes and anthropogenic inputs. This study involves the characterization of the concentration of heavy metals of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and the sources of pollution in water and sediment of the Upper Litani River Basin (ULRB) in Lebanon. The investigation was performed during three seasons of rainy, mid-rainy spring and wet periods for two years during different flow rates. Sediments were characterized by a set of chemical analyses, cation exchange capacity (CEC), mineralogy of the sediments, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To assess metal contamination in sediment, Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines of Wisconsin (CBSQG) were applied. The metals contamination in the sediments was also evaluated by contamination factor (Cf). The test results showed that the effect of seasonal variations was significant in the Upper Litani River Basin. Principal Compound Analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation were also performed in this study to compare and determine the correlation between metals in water and sediments. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn in all sediment samples are above the norms in winter, while Fe was increased in summer. The results showed that the importance of monitoring of changes of heavy metals values and physico-chemical characterization of different parameters could represent the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of negative pressures on the water and soil ecosystem of Litani River Basin during different seasons.

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Water Quality of the upper Litani River Basin, Lebanon

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Properties of the Waters on the Litani River Station Quaraoun

Evaluation of the Physico-Chemical Properties of the Waters on the Litani River Station Quaraoun

Hydrochemical assessment of the Beeshazar and associated lakes in Central Nepal

Heavy Metals Content in Water and Sediments in the Upper Litani River Basin, Lebanon

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