Water quality of the Grijalva river in the Chiapas and Tabasco border

Abstract

The objective was to characterize water quality for a section of the Grijalva River and its tributaries, for rainy and dry season in the border of the States of Chiapas and Tabasco. 23 physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters as well as contaminants were determined and compared with the Mexican norm NOM-127-SSA1-1994 which establishes water quality maximum permissible limits for use and human consumption and with the water quality classi cation scale proposed by the Comisión Nacional del Agua. Water quality of the Grijalva River in the studied section and tributaries, also locally named Almandros river, decreases as it descends to more populated areas of Tabasco. Water turbidity and high levels of coliforms and Escherichia are the main problems associated with the rivers of the studied area, even in water sources destined for human consumption. Other studied parameters have acceptable water quality mainly during the dry season, except for Mercury, which showed higher levels than the recommended by the norm in all sampling sites. The need to further study presence of Mercury in the Grijalva River basin is suggested.

Determining water quality of the lower basin of the Usumacinta River in Tabasco, Mexico

“…Thus, in accordance with CE-CCA-001/89, site R1 exceeded the permissible limits in both seasons (Table 1). The tendency of increase of the registered concentrations of total phosphorus during the rainy season in some places was similar to the study by Musálem-Castillejos et al (2018). The concentrations reported for this study ranged from 0.033 to 0.46 mg L 1 during the rainy season, and 0.022 to 0.65 mg L 1 in the dry season.…”

“…The results of the microbiological analyzes show fecal contamination of the water and presence of total coliforms with a tendency to increase during the rainy season (571 to 14 136 MPN 100 mL 1 ). This behavior is similar to that recorded by Musálem-Castillejos et al (2018). Thus, variations in coliforms at all sites during the study period may be related to the contribution of organic matter and solids through runoff and soil washing, and points of discharge of: wastewater, animal breeding, agricultural and domestic, that do not present any type of treatment (Romero et al, 2011).…”

Determinação da Qualidade da Água de um Rio Tropical sob a perspectiva do Uso do Solo e Cobertura Vegetal

“…Durante todas as campanhas, foi detectado a presença de coliformes termotolerantes em todas as amostragens, o que pode ser explicado pela presença constante de gado nos locais e pelo lançamento de esgoto doméstico sem tratamento. Os valores mais baixos foram detectados na campanha chuvosa, tal cenário pode ser justificado pela fato do período chuvoso proporcionar modificações no regime de vazão dos rios, o que aumenta sua capacidade de diluição dos diversos componentes lixiviados, justificando então o cenário encontrado (Fia et al, 2015;Queiroz;Paiva, 2017;Mussálem-Castillejos et al, 2018). Outros estudos realizados no Brasil apontam que a maior concentração desse parâmetro acarreta na queda da qualidade da água nesse período Simonetti, Silva, e Rosa, 2019).…”

Identificación del marco jurídico en protección al ambiente y responsabilidad social en México

“…Los cuerpos lagunares tienen grandes variaciones, en extensión, composición química y características físicas (Comisión Nacional del Agua, 2018;Musalem-Castillejos et al, 2018), que a lo largo del tiempo cambian. Por lo que, la reconstrucción histórica de series de tiempo revelan los mecanismos de influencia de los factores que ocasionan eventos hidrometereológicos extremos como inundaciones, sequías (Liu et al, 2022;Zheng et al, 2020) y la degradación de los ecosistemas lenticos (Quesada-Román & Mora-Vega, 2017;Yu et al, 2019).…”