Water quality of selected streams in Jefferson County, Kentucky, 1988-91
Abstract: Percentage of samples from selected streams of Jefferson County, Kentucky, with chromium concentrations that exceeded the State chronic criterion for protection of warmwater aquatic habitat,
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Chemical quality of bottom sediments in selected streams, Jefferson County, Kentucky, April-July 1992
This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Louisville and Jefferson County Metropolitan Sewer District, to describe the chemical quality of bottom sediments in selected streams of Jefferson County, Ky., April-July 1992. Bottom sediments from 25 stream sites in the county were analyzed for percent volatile solids and concentrations of nutrients, major metals, trace elements, miscellaneous inorganic compounds, and synthetic organic compounds. Statistical high outliers of the constituent concentrations analyzed for in the bottom sediments were defined as a measure of possible elevated concentrations. Statistical high outliers were determined for at least 1 constituent at each of 12 sampling sites in Jefferson County. Of the 10 stream basins sampled in Jefferson County, the Middle Fork Beargrass Creek Basin, Cedar Creek Basin, and Harrods Creek Basin were the only three basins where a statistical high outlier was determined for any of the measured constituents. In the Pennsylvania Run Basin, total volatile solids, nitrate plus nitrite, and endrin constituents were statistical high outliers. Pond Creek was the only basin where five constituents were statistical high outliers barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and silver. Nitrate plus nitrite and copper constituents were the only statistical high outliers determined in the Mill Creek Basin. In the Floyds Fork Basin, nitrate plus nitrite, phosphorous, mercury, and silver constituents were the only statistical high outliers. Ammonia was the only statistical high outlier found in the South Fork Beargrass Creek Basin. In the Goose Creek Basin, mercury and silver constituents were the only statistical high outliers. Cyanide was the only statistical high outlier in the Muddy Fork Basin.
Chemical quality of bottom sediments in selected streams, Jefferson County, Kentucky, April-July 1992
This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Louisville and Jefferson County Metropolitan Sewer District, to describe the chemical quality of bottom sediments in selected streams of Jefferson County, Ky., April-July 1992. Bottom sediments from 25 stream sites in the county were analyzed for percent volatile solids and concentrations of nutrients, major metals, trace elements, miscellaneous inorganic compounds, and synthetic organic compounds. Statistical high outliers of the constituent concentrations analyzed for in the bottom sediments were defined as a measure of possible elevated concentrations. Statistical high outliers were determined for at least 1 constituent at each of 12 sampling sites in Jefferson County. Of the 10 stream basins sampled in Jefferson County, the Middle Fork Beargrass Creek Basin, Cedar Creek Basin, and Harrods Creek Basin were the only three basins where a statistical high outlier was determined for any of the measured constituents. In the Pennsylvania Run Basin, total volatile solids, nitrate plus nitrite, and endrin constituents were statistical high outliers. Pond Creek was the only basin where five constituents were statistical high outliers barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and silver. Nitrate plus nitrite and copper constituents were the only statistical high outliers determined in the Mill Creek Basin. In the Floyds Fork Basin, nitrate plus nitrite, phosphorous, mercury, and silver constituents were the only statistical high outliers. Ammonia was the only statistical high outlier found in the South Fork Beargrass Creek Basin. In the Goose Creek Basin, mercury and silver constituents were the only statistical high outliers. Cyanide was the only statistical high outlier in the Muddy Fork Basin.
This report presents techniques for estimation of storm-runoff volumes, and mean concentrations and loads of selected constituents in storm runoff from urban watersheds of Jefferson County, Ky. Estimation models were developed on the basis of runoff volumes, and concentrations and loads of selected constituents in runoff measured at 6 stormwater outfalls and 25 streams in Jefferson County. In addition, previously developed regional estimation models were evaluated to assess their suitability for use in the county. Adjustments to the previously developed models were determined from comparisons to data obtained in Jefferson County. The estimation techniques consist of sets of linear regression models for estimating mean concentrations and total loads of selected constituents in single storms, the quantity of the storm runoff, and annual and mean annual loads of selected constituents in storm runoff. Constituents modeled include dissolved oxygen, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, dissolved and suspended solids, volatile residue, nitrogen, phosphorus and phosphate, calcium, magnesium, barium, copper, iron, lead, and zinc. Model estimations are a function of drainage area, percentage of imperviousness, climatological data, and land use. Purpose and Scope This report describes techniques for estimating the quantity and quality of storm runoff from urban watersheds of Jefferson County, Ky. Previously developed regional estimation models were evaluated to assess their suitability for use in the county. These models were adjusted, and additional new models were developed on the basis of storm data measured in Jefferson County. Regression models are presented for estimation of (1) selected constituent concentrations in storm runoff, (2) runoff volumes and selected constituent loads in runoff from single storms, and (3) annual total volumes of runoff and loads of selected constituents in runoff. The main constituents of interest for this study include chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved solids, suspended solids, total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total cadmium, total copper, total lead, and total zinc. Description of Study Area Jefferson County covers 386 mi 2 of the north-central part of Kentucky along the Ohio River (fig. 1) (Louisville Chamber of Commerce, 1992). Within its borders is Louisville, the largest city and the most densely populated area of the State. Approximately 69 storms, defined as 0.1 in. accumulation with at least 0.01 in. each hour, occur each year in Jefferson County (Steurer and Nold, 1986). EXPLANATION County boundary Drainage divide Basin area 0 2 4 6 8 10 MILES ' ' ' /""" r j \ | I 8503T30-.'/ f X-XJ
In 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative program with the Louisville and Jefferson County Metropolitan Sewer District to assess the effects of urbanization on the water quality of streams in Jefferson County, Kentucky. This report presents mean annual base-flow and stormflow yields of selected water-quality constituents from watersheds of the county for 1988-92. These yields were estimated to help describe the proportions of constituent transport due to point and nonpoint sources. Dissolved-oxygen transport was related to the amount of nonurban land use in the watersheds. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) generally was greatest during stormflow and was related to the amount of industrial land use in each watershed. The highly industrialized Spring Ditch Watershed yielded nearly twice the COD-76.6 tons per square mile (ton/mi 2)-of any other sampled watershed in the county. Oxygen needed for biochemical oxidation of organic material in the water (BOD) was greatest in the Chenoweth Run Watershed (16.9 ton/mi 2). Dissolved-solids transport occurred primarily during stormflow except in the Fern Creek, Goose Creek, Little Goose Creek, Northern Ditch, and Spring Ditch Watersheds, an indication that these areas may be affected by pointsource discharges. Yields of dissolved solids in base flow ranged from less than 100 ton/mi 2 in the Mill Creek Watershed to greater than 300 ton/mi 2 in the Fern Creek, upper Goose Creek, and Northern Ditch Watersheds. Yields of dissolved solids in stormflow ranged from less than 100 ton/mi 2 in the lower Goose Creek and Mill Creek Watersheds to greater than 500 ton/mi 2 in the Chenoweth Run and lower South Fork Beargrass Creek Watersheds. Transport of volatile and nonvolatile suspended solids occurred primarily during stormflow. Nitrite and phosphorus transport was inversely proportional to the amount of nonurban and commercial land use in the watersheds. Nitrite transport occurred primarily during stormflow, except in the upper Goose Creek Watershed. Greater than 60 percent of the nitrate transport in the Goose Creek, Little Goose Creek, and Northern Ditch Watersheds occurred during base flow. Ammonia transport occurred primarily during stormflow except in the Little Goose Creek, Northern Ditch, and Spring Ditch Watersheds. Yields of total organic nitrogen in base flow were largest in the upper Goose Creek, Northern Ditch, Pennsylvania Run, and Spring Ditch Watersheds. Transport of metals from most of the watersheds occurred primarily during stormflow; however, yields of barium, copper, and iron in base flow exceeded yields in stormflow in the Goose Creek Watershed. Chromium and nickel yields were largest in the highly industrialized Spring Ditch Watershed. Yields of zinc in base flow and stormflow were related to the degree of urbanization in each watershed and were largest in the Muddy Fork Watershed. Purpose and Scope This report presents estimates of yields of selected water-quality constituents in base flow and stormflow in watersheds of Jefferson County, Ky. The yield of...
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