Water quality indicators: bacteria, coliphages, enteric viruses

Lin, Johnson; Ganesh, Atheesha

doi:10.1080/09603123.2013.769201

Cited by 94 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Sin embargo, presentan limitaciones, ya que no determinan si la partícula detectada es infecciosa o no (13). Para determinar el potencial infeccioso de los virus es necesario su aislamiento en cultivos celulares, pero se desconocen las condiciones en que muchos patógenos entéricos deben ser cultivados (37), en tanto que otros virus crecen lentamente o no producen un efecto citopático (38).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Además, la dosis infeccciosa es baja (varía entre 1 x 10 1 y 1 x 10 2 ) y, por lo tanto, la presencia de un número reducido de virus puede producir enfermedades en un individuo vulnerable (1,(11)(12). La carga de mortalidad y morbilidad que se le atribuye a los agentes virales se desconoce por la poca información disponible debido a las dificultades para la recuperación y la concentración de los virus, y a los altos costos de las metodologías empleadas para el diagnóstico (13).…”

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Presencia de virus entéricos en muestras de agua para el consumo humano en Colombia: desafíos de los sistemas de abastecimiento

et al. 2016

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Introducción. El agua de consumo humano puede ser vehículo de transmisión de agentes patógenos. La detección de virus entéricos en estas muestras de agua es esencial para establecer las acciones adecuadas de control y prevención de las enfermedades asociadas. Objetivo. Analizar los resultados del diagnóstico de virus entéricos en muestras de agua para el consumo humano recibidas en el Instituto Nacional de Salud y establecer su asociación con los datos sobre la calidad del agua en los municipios de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de los resultados obtenidos en la detección de rotavirus, enterovirus, virus de la hepatitis A y adenovirus, en muestras de agua recibidas para estudios complementarios en la investigación de brotes de hepatitis entérica, de enfermedad diarreica aguda y de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. Dicha información se correlacionó con los datos de la vigilancia de la calidad del agua municipal determinada según el índice de riesgo de la calidad del agua (IRCA). Resultados. Se procesaron 288 muestras de 102 municipios de Colombia, de las cuales el 50,7 % fue positivo para algún virus: 26,73 %, para el virus de la hepatitis A; 20,48 %, para enterovirus y rotavirus, y 18,05 % para adenovirus. Se detectaron virus en 48,26 % de las muestras de agua no tratada y en 45,83 % de las de agua tratada. El IRCA no mostró correlación con la presencia de virus. Conclusiones. La presencia de virus en el agua representa un riesgo para la salud pública. La prevención de la transmisión de virus por medio del agua requiere políticas para fortalecer los sistemas de suministro y para mejorar la vigilancia epidemiológica.

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Presencia de virus entéricos en muestras de agua para el consumo humano en Colombia: desafíos de los sistemas de abastecimiento

et al. 2016

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“…Moreover, infectious viruses have been recovered at critical levels from surface waters that have met FIB impairment criteria (15). Therefore, for human infectious viruses, other types of indicators with preferred characteristics, depending on the application, will be required (9,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

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Waterborne Viruses and F-Specific Coliphages in Mixed-Use Watersheds: Microbial Associations, Host Specificities, and Affinities with Environmental/Land Use Factors

Jones

Brassard

Topp

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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From the years 2008 to 2014, a total of 1,155 water samples were collected (spring to fall) from 24 surface water sampling sites located in a mixed-used but predominantly agricultural (i.e., dairy livestock production) river basin in eastern Ontario, Canada. Water was analyzed for viable F-specific DNA (F-DNA) and F-specific RNA (F-RNA) (genogroup I [GI] to GIV) coliphage and a suite of molecularly detected viruses (norovirus [GI to GIV], torque teno virus [TTV], rotavirus, kobuvirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, hepatitis A, and hepatitis E). F-DNA and F-RNA coliphage were detected in 33 and 28% of the samples at maximum concentrations of 2,000 and 16,300 PFU · 100 ml Ϫ1 , respectively. Animal TTV, human TTV, kobuvirus, astrovirus, and norovirus GIII were the most prevalent viruses, found in 23, 20, 13, 12, and 11% of samples, respectively. Viable F-DNA coliphage was found to be a modest positive indicator of molecularly detected TTV. F-RNA coliphage, unlike F-DNA coliphage, was a modest positive predictor of norovirus and rotavirus. There were, however, a number of significant negative associations among F-specific coliphage and viruses. F-DNA coliphage densities of Ͼ142 PFU · 100 ml Ϫ1 delineated conditions when ϳ95% of water samples contained some type of virus. Kobuvirus was the virus most strongly related to detection of any other virus. Land use had some associations with virus/F-specific coliphage detection, but season and surface water flow were the variables that were most important for broadly delineating detection. Higher relative levels of detection of human viruses and human F-RNA coliphage were associated with higher relative degrees of upstream human land development in a catchment.IMPORTANCE This study is one of the first, to our knowledge, to evaluate relationships among F-specific coliphages and a large suite of enteric viruses in mixed-use but agriculturally dominated surface waters in Canada. This study suggested that relationships between viable F-specific coliphages and molecularly detected viruses do exist, but they are not always positive. Caution should be employed if viable F-specific coliphages are to be used as indicators of virus presence in surface waters. This study elucidates relative effects of agriculture, wildlife, and human activity on virus and F-specific coliphage detection. Seasonal and meteorological attributes play a strong role in the detection of most virus and F-specific coliphage targets.KEYWORDS viruses, F-specific coliphages, pollution, indicators, surface water, microbial source tracking

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“…However, the presence of above-mentioned indicators do not always suggest the presence of human enteric viruses which may be more resistance than the bacterial indicators. Therefore, Lin and Ganesh, (2013) concluded that it is highly important to study human enteric viruses in water to avoid their pathogenic action on children and immunecompromised people. While the current study demonstrated the efficiency and efficacy of the two water treatment systems in removing all microbial and undesired chemical contaminants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of Traditional Water Treatment Plant and Compact Units in Removing Viruses

Osman

El‐Senousy

El-Morsi

et al. 2015

Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol

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The fecal bacteria have been taken as the gold standard for water industry. However, the spread of viral gastroenteritis due to drinking water have given a momentum to a recent push by microbiologists to consider viruses as important pollution indicator as fecal bacteria. Therefore, we designed a study to evaluate the efficiency of two types of water purification systems: the traditional water treatment plant and two types compact units. Both systems produced drinking waters free of bacteria, chemical contaminants and mostly viruses free. However, recent advances in molecular biology techniques, such as RT-PCR have detected Rotaviruses in chlorinated drinking waters resulted from all systems. The frequency of Rotaviruses since October 2010 till September 2012 in Shark El-Mansoura WTP in drinking water samples was 12.5% similar to raw water. While the compact unit at Depo Awam (American design) the frequency of Rotavirus was 16.6% in both raw and drinking water samples. On the other hand the virus frequency in the raw and drinking water sample in El-Danabik unit (Egyptian design) were 12.5% and 4.16% respectively. Signifying failure of the chlorination process in removing viruses completely. However, detection of Rotavirus genome in the drinking water samples does not means the presence of its infectivity. The infectious ability of the rotaviruses was confirmed by CC-RT-PCR in all positive samples, where viral RNA was not detected in the collected drinking water samples. In conclusion RT-PCR and CC-RT-PCR techniques high lightened the need to include viruses as mandatory pollution indicator in water treatment plants. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 528-536

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Water quality indicators: bacteria, coliphages, enteric viruses

Cited by 94 publications

References 170 publications

Presencia de virus entéricos en muestras de agua para el consumo humano en Colombia: desafíos de los sistemas de abastecimiento

Presencia de virus entéricos en muestras de agua para el consumo humano en Colombia: desafíos de los sistemas de abastecimiento

Waterborne Viruses and F-Specific Coliphages in Mixed-Use Watersheds: Microbial Associations, Host Specificities, and Affinities with Environmental/Land Use Factors

Efficiency of Traditional Water Treatment Plant and Compact Units in Removing Viruses

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