Water Quality Indicator Interval Prediction in Wastewater Treatment Process Based on the Improved BES-LSSVM Algorithm

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel interval prediction method for effluent water quality indicators (including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)), which are key performance indices in the water quality monitoring and control of a wastewater treatment plant. Firstly, the effluent data regarding BOD/NH3-N and their necessary auxiliary variables are collected. After some basic data pre-processing techniques, the key indicators with high correlation degrees of BOD and NH3-N are analyzed and selected based on a gray correlation analysis algorithm. Next, an improved IBES-LSSVM algorithm is designed to predict the BOD/NH3-N effluent data of a wastewater treatment plant. This algorithm relies on an improved bald eagle search (IBES) optimization algorithm that is used to find the optimal parameters of least squares support vector machine (LSSVM). Then, an interval estimation method is used to analyze the uncertainty of the optimized LSSVM model. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can obtain high prediction accuracy, with reduced computational time and an easy calculation process, in predicting effluent water quality parameters compared with other existing algorithms.

Development of local and global wastewater biochemical oxygen demand real-time prediction models using supervised machine learning algorithms

“…In addition, traditional wastewater treatment processes are based on laboratory testing procedures, which have deficiencies. For instance, the BOD5 testing process is expensive and time-consuming (Ooi et al, 2022), requiring someone to collect the sample manually (Zhou et al, 2022). The sample might get contaminated during sampling, transportation, or storage (Luis et al, 2022).…”

“…Furthermore, all operational expenditures need to be reviewed and optimized with the scarcity of financial resources, fuel price fluctuations, population increase (Zhou et al, 2022), and rapid urban expansion (Azimi et al, 2022). Hence, WWTPs are no exception.…”

“…Wastewater treatment is fundamental to protecting public health (Hawari et al, 2020;Xie et al, 2022), preserving the environment (Zhou et al, 2022), and removing organic matter, solids, nutrients, and disease-causing organisms before wastewater reuse or disposal. Specific TSE parameters must be met before returning the TSE to irrigation networks or disposing it to water bodies (Jana et al, 2022).…”

“…However, only critical components must be well assessed to design suitable treatment processes and closely monitored to evaluate the treatment operation's reliability and efficiency. One of these critical components is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) (Zhou et al, 2022). It is a measure of oxygen equivalent to determine the biodegradable organic matter that can be oxidized biologically through microorganisms (Ooi et al, 2022).…”

“…The wastewater treatment process is a nonlinear process that requires monitoring and controlling various operating parameters, wastewater characteristics, and chemical reactions (Wang et al, 2021;Wongburi et al, 2022;Zhou et al, 2022). Due to that, operators with adequate expert knowledge are needed to be able to run such a plant.…”