Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health: Assessment of Risk and Risk Management for Water-Related Infectious Disease

Fewtrell, Lorna; Bartram, Jamie

doi:10.2166/9781780405889

Cited by 115 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Monitoring programs requested by the regulations evaluate total coliform, Escherichia coli, faecal coli, faecal streptococci (FS), intestinal enterococci, but they are insufficient for the viruses. Although FC have traditionally been regarded faecal contamination as good indicators for waters, recent reviews suggested E. coli to be a better indicator (Edberg et al 2000;Fewtrell and Bartram 2001;Lebaron et al 2005). Microbiological context of sediments at the sediment-water interface in bathing waters is also receiving increased attention (Arakel 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea water quality assessment of Prince Islands’ Beaches in Istanbul

Aydinol

Kanat

Bayhan

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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In this study, seawater samples were subjected to microbiological and physicochemical analysis (water temperature, pH, Secchi disc depth and ammonia) in the Prince Islands which are located in Marmara Sea, being one of the most popular swimming areas in Istanbul. The monitoring program of the study has been carried out in the summer for 6 weeks at eight stations around the Prince Islands. Measured total coliform values were between 5 ± 2 and 26 ± 55 and faecal coliform values were between 4 ± 2 and 24 ± 50 in the monitoring stations. A statistical study has been conducted to find the relationship between total and faecal coliform concentrations, and t tests were applied. There was no significant difference in each location of the Islands, except one location. The results were evaluated by comparing with national and EU bathing water standards. Results of the study show that deep sea discharges and sea currents contribute dilution of coliform concentration in a positive way, and locations near coastal zones of the islands have acceptable values which are required by the regulations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea water quality assessment of Prince Islands’ Beaches in Istanbul

Aydinol

Kanat

Bayhan

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Hand-washing which is a simple and effective way to cut down on cross-contamination is too often forgotten [21]. About 81.25% hotels provide bar soap and the rest allow water alone (18.75%) for hand washing that is considered insufficient to remove the microbial contaminants.It is worth mentioning that the majority of the observed hygiene of washing facilities failed to avoid contamination of their hands after washing.…”

Section: Personal Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

RJLBPCS

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ABSTRACT:The sanitation of water with respect to water borne diseases is a great concern worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and hygiene behaviors of hand washing water in the Hotels and Restaurants of Ilu Aba Bora zone, southwest Ethiopia. A cross sectional prospective study was conducted in Ilu Aba Bora zone from February -June, 2014. Forty eight water samples of hand washing water were collected randomly from 48 hotels and restaurants (one sample from each). All the water samples were collected in triplicate and analyzed by using laboratory standard method. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20. The study found out there was poor hygiene such as improper storage and handling of hand washing water. The mean bacteriological counts of all water samples of present finding ranged from 1.2 × 10 4 CFU/ml to 1.1 × 10 8 CFU/ml. The overall mean counts of total bacterial, total coliform and spore former bacteria were 1.3x10 6 , 5.7x10 6 and 6.4x10 6 CFU/ml, respectively. The mean counts of total bacterial and coliform count were the highest in water of Yayo hotels and restaurants. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between mean counts of total coliform and spore-former bacteria. The presence of Escherichia coli (20%) was also tested in the study area. The study revealed that the bacteriological quality of water in some hand washing bowls used in the selected area were unacceptable for use by the customers. The study concluded that there was lack of proper hygienic and sanitation measures in most of the hotels and restaurants. Therefore, results focused on the need for further protocols for safe and hygienic status of hand washing water

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“…This framework is an integrated risk approach developed with the aim of controlling infectious water-related diseases (Fewtrell & Bartram, 2001) that served as the basis for development of WHO health-based guidelines for water-and sanitation-related hazards (e.g. Guidelines for drinking-water quality; Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater in agriculture and aquaculture).…”

Section: Evolution Of the Wsp Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. The Stockholm Framework for developing harmonised guidelines for the management of water-related infectious diseases (Fewtrell & Bartram, 2001). of life, illness, injury, damage to property and consequential loss, and environmental impact.…”

Section: Wsp and Other Risk-based Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending the water safety plan concept to the urban water cycle

2013

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The urban water cycle (UWC) is often managed by several stakeholders dealing with specific components of the cycle such as water supply, wastewater systems and water bodies management. Therefore, risk management in the UWC benefits from an integrated approach to incorporate the interdependencies between elements. The water cycle safety plan (WCSP) provides a common risk management framework for stakeholders in the UWC. It is based on the water safety plan (WSP) approach for water supply and incorporates the latest developments in risk management approaches, such as ISO 31 000:2009 and ISO Guide 73:2009. Apart from protection of public health, the WCSP also addresses public safety and protection of the environment. The proposed WCSP is divided into nine steps including stakeholders' commitment and team assembling, establishment of scope of the plan, characterisation of water systems, identification of risks, risk analysis and evaluation, selection of risk reduction measures, development of protocols for communication, monitoring and review. The WCSP approach was developed in the PREPARED project with a focus on UWC adaptation to climate change but can be applied in a broader context. This preventive and systematic risk approach supports decisions on adaptive measures and strategies for the whole UWC based on the best available knowledge. AbbreviationsCCPs critical control points GHG greenhouse gases HACCP hazard analysis and critical control points RIDB risk identification database RMF risk management framework RMP risk management process RRDB risk reduction database RRM risk reduction measures Water Policy 16 (2014) 298-322 SOP standard operating procedures SSP system safety plan UWC urban water cycle UWS urban water systems WCSP water cycle safety plan WSP water safety plan

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Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health: Assessment of Risk and Risk Management for Water-Related Infectious Disease

Cited by 115 publications

References 19 publications

Sea water quality assessment of Prince Islands’ Beaches in Istanbul

Sea water quality assessment of Prince Islands’ Beaches in Istanbul

Untitled

Extending the water safety plan concept to the urban water cycle

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