Water Quality Genesis and Disturbances of Natural Freshwaters

Falkenmark, Malin; Allard, Bert

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-46685-7_2

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The acidic deposition phenomenon is now regarded as a major environmental concern of almost global significance. The water acidification can markedly affect the mobility of metals (Falkenmark & Allard 1991). The occurrence of acid lakes has been reported from Scandinavia, Scotland, Wales, the Netherlands, Belgium, the Alpine lakes and the Kola Peninsula (Brune et al .…”

Section: Human Landscape Interventions and Their Side‐effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage basin morphology: a starting point for balancing water needs, land use and fishery protection

Lundqvist

Falkenmark

2000

Fisheries Management Eco

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The drainage basin, including the coastal zone, may be seen as a large‐scale system of interlinked natural resources and ecosystem services which support human activities on land and in the sea. Social and economic activities in the drainage basin have to be consistent with the hydrological and ecological needs for human well‐being. Proper attention must also be paid to the impacts of these factors on ecosystems further downstream. A macro‐scale ecosystem approach to a basin has to consider: (1) direct uses of water both instream and after extraction when pollutants may be added to the return flow; and (2) indirect use of water for agriculture and forestry where the river may be depleted as a result of evapotranspiration from land surface, crops and trees. Both uses have repercussions on the quantitative flow and quality of water, which may damage water‐based instream ecosystem services. The present paper addresses relationships between different types of human intervention in a drainage basin and their consequences. Two analytical models are introduced: (1) a conceptual model which distinguishes between urban and rural water uses, and their respective tools; and (2) a conceptual model for handling spatially ordered land/water use segments subject to different types of interference. Finally, the present paper comments on the need to develop methodologies for cross‐disciplinary dialogue, and for balancing water needs, land use and fishery protection.

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Section: Human Landscape Interventions and Their Side‐effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage basin morphology: a starting point for balancing water needs, land use and fishery protection

Lundqvist

Falkenmark

2000

Fisheries Management Eco

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“…Thus, in mountain streams an adequate dynamic approach reflecting rapidly changing currents and discharge needs to be considered in analysing their water environment. Most studies, however, concentrate primarily on base-flow conditions (Falkenmark and Allard, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of an extreme flood on the ecosystem of a headwater stream

et al. 2021

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Headwater streams are the smallest parts of rivers but make up the majority of river miles. The chemistry and macroinvertebrate composition of such streams are among the most important indicators of their environmental health. Macroinvertebrates are affected namely by runoff genesis and, in many regions of the world, also by acid atmospheric deposition and its consequences. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of an extreme summer flash flood on the physical environment, chemistry and macroinvertebrates in a small headwater stream located in the Beech-woods National Nature Reserve of the Jizera Mts. (Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic). The studied stream is characterized by a pluvial hydrologic regime with perennial streamflow uniformly distributed within the year, with peak-flows originating mainly from summer rainstorms, and moderate current anthropogenic acidification. During the observed summer flash flood of the return period near 1,000 years, high currents (1-2.5 m s-1) flushed out 2.7 m3 of sand and gravel from the streambed, resulting in a devastating effect on macroinvertebrates. Both number of species/taxa and diversity were reduced by about 50% while the abundance of surviving taxa was reduced to about 10% compared with before the flood. The following spring after the event, both number of species/taxa, diversity and abundance increased, partially due to the temporary unsuccessful colonization of the site by several alien species creating a peak of biological diversity, but complete recovery of the original macroinvertebrate assemblages was not observed even during the subsequent two years. On the other hand, a significant drop in sulphate contents and rising alkalinity observed in stream waters during base flow conditions after the flood indicate positive effects on recovery of the aquatic environment by depleting the catchment sulphur pool. Thus, the flood did not significantly alter the long-term recovery of the studied headwater stream from acidification.

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“…Water is a determining factor in the functioning structure and stability of biophysical systems (Falkenmark & Chapman, 1989). It regulates the climate system; is a precondition for all biomass growth and thereby for all living species (Ripl, 2003); sets the pace of the global carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles (Rockström, Karlberg, & Falkenmark, 2011); is a solvent and agent for transport of chemical compounds (Falkenmark & Allard, 1989;Meybeck, 2003); and delivers human well-being by generating ecosystem functions and services from terrestrial and aquatic systems (Rockström, Gordon, Folke, Falkenmark, & Engwall, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and human livelihood resilience: a regional-to-global outlook

Falkenmark

2016

International Journal of Water Resources Development

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a stockholm resilience centre, stockholm university, sweden; b stockholm International Water Institute, sweden ABSTRACT This article addresses the need to profoundly expand the way we think about freshwater. Stressing water's role as the bloodstream of the biosphere, the article highlights water's functions in sustaining life on the planet (control, state and moisture feedback functions), the role of water partitioning changes in inducing non-linear change at multiple scales, and humanity's influence on a social-ecological system's capacity to adapt and continue to function. It reviews water's roles during its journey through the upper layers of the land mass, different types of water-ecosystem interactions, and water's roles in landscape-scale resilience building.

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Water Quality Genesis and Disturbances of Natural Freshwaters

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Drainage basin morphology: a starting point for balancing water needs, land use and fishery protection

Drainage basin morphology: a starting point for balancing water needs, land use and fishery protection

Impacts of an extreme flood on the ecosystem of a headwater stream

Water and human livelihood resilience: a regional-to-global outlook

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