Water Quality Characteristics of Sembrong Dam Reservoir, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract

Abstract.A study of water quality and heavy metal content in Sembrong Dam water was conducted from April -August 2015. A total of 12 water quality parameters and 6 heavy metals were measured and classified based on the Interim National Water Quality Standard of Malaysia (INWQS). The measured and analyzed parameter variables were divided into three main categories which include physical, chemical and heavy metal contents. Physical and chemical parameter variables were temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity, pH, nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, conductivity and salinity. The heavy metals measured were copper (Cu), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr), ferum (Fe) and zinc (Zn). According to INWQS, the water salinity, conductivity, BOD, TSS and nitrate level fall under Class I, while the Ph, DO and turbidity lie under Class IIA. Furthermore, values of COD and ammonium were classified under Class III. The result also indicates that the Sembrong Dam water are not polluted with heavy metals since all heavy metal readings recorded were falls far below Class I.

An Overview on Water Quality Trending for Lake Water Classification in Malaysia

“…Characteristic for lake water on Putrajaya guidelines goes into physical, microbiological constituents, radioactivity, and organics indicators [14], [15]. Practiced on WQI as part of water quality monitoring have been done previously in several studies by [2], [16]- [18]. Some studies also comes with several others parameters such electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (Eh), resistivity, salinity, temperature, sulphate, phosphate, oil and grease and hardness [6], [18], [19].…”

“…Used of electrochemical parameters rather than WQI methods through the water quality assessment for degree of pollution in the pond gauged for major ions, metals and organic compound at Miri City lake. The causes of the change of values in Table 1 are influenced in few ways such hydrological, geological, climatic change, land use, and human factors [2], [3].…”

“…Fluctuation resulting on parameters influenced in few ways such hydrological, geological, climatic change, land use, and human factors [2], [3]. In 2008, reported by [28] that causes may forms as volcanic plate movement and sedimentation of plate boundary.…”

“…This Generally lakes functioned as thermal structures, habitats for organisms and support food chain also playing an important role also as nutrient providers to marine life [1]. Lake water is one of the surface water sources play an important role as basic water resources as water is needed for the whole life of human beings and associated activities [2], [3]. As time change, development and population has increased the number of pollutant released into water bodies and deteriorating the quality and ecological system [4], [5].…”

“…As time change, development and population has increased the number of pollutant released into water bodies and deteriorating the quality and ecological system [4], [5]. Lake also affected with the change that comes from anthropology or natural factors [2]. Lake is important as a part of water resources both in quality and quantity of water as water also needs by various human sector such drinking water supply and irrigation [6].…”