Water quality changes during soil aquifer treatment of tertiary effluent

Abstract

This paper summarizes the results of field studies in Tucson, Arizona, to estimate the soil aquifer treatment (SAT) effectiveness of a 5.7-ha (I4-acre) water spreading facility,the Sweetwater Underground Storage and Recovery Facility. Groundwater samples collected from the facility during 1989 to 1990 were analyzed for pathogens. A specific basin was selected during the to 1993 recharge seasons for sampling source water (tertiary effluent), poreliquid samples from the vadose zone, and groundwater during recharge. These samples were analyzed for the nitrogen species, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total organic halide (TaX). The results showed that the site provides effective SAT. Enteroviruses were completely removed during travel in the 37-m (120-ft) thick vadose zone. No Giardia were detected in any of the groundwater samples. The DOC and TOX were reduced by 92% and 85%, respectively. After leaching of indigenous nitrogen from the vadose zone, total nitrogen was reduced by approximately 47% during recharge. Near-surface anaerobic conditions promote denitrification. Water Environ. Res .. 67, 371 (1995).

Leaching of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Diverse Soils under Various Agricultural Management Practices

“…Movement of bacteria through soil from point sources has been studied extensively by using septic tank effluent (1,13) and municipal sewage treatment effluent (15,20). Coliform bacteria have been reported to move through soil from 0.9 to 456 m depending on the soil type (10).…”

Physiological and biochemical responses to low non-freezing temperature of two Eucalyptus globulus clones differing in drought resistance

“…CT -control (24/16 • C), SOT -suboptimal temperature (10/5 • C), *, **, *** Represent statistical significance at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively; and ns = nonsignificant at P = 0.05. [31]. The analytical column for carbohydrates was a Dionex Carbopac PA-20 (3 mm × 150 mm) kept at 30 • C and eluted by on on-line generated KOH at 0.5 ml min −1 , whereas polyols were analysed on Dionex Carbopac MA-1 (4 mm × 250 mm) stored at 48 • C and eluted by a gradient of NaOH (500 mM) at 0.3 ml min −1 .…”

Long-term accumulation and material balance of organic matter in the soil of an effluent infiltration basin

“…The removal of dissolved and particulate organic carbon from the effluent was investigated in field studies and was found to be highly effective with concentration reductions of 70 to 90% (Bouwer and Chaney, 1974;Idelovitch and Michail, 1985;Yamaura et al, 1986;Amy et al, 1993;Wilson et al, 1995;Kopchynski et al, 1996;Quanrud et al, 1996;Vengosh andKeren, 1996, Drewes andFox, 1999;Westerhoff andPinney, 2000, Fox et al, 2001;Drewes et al, 2003;Quanrud et al, 2003). From field studies and accompanying soil column studies it was concluded that the primary process responsible for the decrease in organic carbon content is biological degradation (Wilson et al, 1995;Quanrud et al, 1996) coupled with the removal of suspended organic matter by mechanical filtration in the top few centimeters of the soil where a surface-clogging layer is formed (Houston et al, 1999). Certain trace organics as characterized by TOX (total organic halides) and AOX (adsorbable organic halides) were most likely removed by sorption to clay minerals and organic matter (Wilson et al, 1995;Quanrud et al, 1996).…”

“…From field studies and accompanying soil column studies it was concluded that the primary process responsible for the decrease in organic carbon content is biological degradation (Wilson et al, 1995;Quanrud et al, 1996) coupled with the removal of suspended organic matter by mechanical filtration in the top few centimeters of the soil where a surface-clogging layer is formed (Houston et al, 1999). Certain trace organics as characterized by TOX (total organic halides) and AOX (adsorbable organic halides) were most likely removed by sorption to clay minerals and organic matter (Wilson et al, 1995;Quanrud et al, 1996). DOC decreases occurred mainly in the top 0-5 m soil layer (Wilson et al, 1995;Quanrud et al, 2003).…”

“…Certain trace organics as characterized by TOX (total organic halides) and AOX (adsorbable organic halides) were most likely removed by sorption to clay minerals and organic matter (Wilson et al, 1995;Quanrud et al, 1996). DOC decreases occurred mainly in the top 0-5 m soil layer (Wilson et al, 1995;Quanrud et al, 2003).…”