Water quality assessment of the ecologically stressed Hooghly River Estuary, India: A multivariate approach

Mitra, Soumita; Ghosh, Swayambhu; Satpathy, K.K.; Bhattacharya, Baby; Sarkar, Santosh Kumar; Mishra, Pravakar; Raja, P.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.053

Cited by 80 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…availability of sunlight, water temperature, phytoplankton abundance, and growth rate (Kanuri et al 2013 ; Ganguly et al 2013 ). Also, the Chl-a concentration is mostly dependent on the micronutrients such as dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate which are not the limiting nutrients in Ganges waters (Kanuri et al 2020 ; Mitra et al 2018 ; Dwivedi et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality assessment of the Ganges River during COVID-19 lockdown

Muduli

Kumar

Kanuri

et al. 2021

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ganges River water quality was assessed to record the changes due to the nation-wide pandemic lockdown. Satellite-based (Sentinel-2) water quality analysis before and during lockdown was performed for seven selected locations spread across the entire stretch of the Ganges (Rishikesh–Dimond Harbour). Results revealed that due to the lockdown, the water quality of the Ganges improved with reference to specific water quality parameters, but the improvements were region specific. Along the entire stretch of Ganges, only the Haridwar site showed improvement to an extent of being potable as per the threshold set by the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, India. A 55% decline in turbidity at that site during the lockdown was attributed to the abrupt halt in pilgrimage activities. Absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter which is an indicator of organic pollution declined all along the Ganges stretch with a maximum decline at the downstream location of Diamond Harbour. Restricted discharge of industrial effluent, urban pollution, sewage from hotels, lodges, and spiritual dwellings along the Ganges are some of the reasons behind such declines. No significant change in the geographic trend of chlorophyll-a was observed. The findings of this study highlight the importance of regular monitoring of the changes in the Ganges water quality using Sentinel-2 data to further isolate the anthropogenic impact, as India continues the phase-wise opening amidst the pandemic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality assessment of the Ganges River during COVID-19 lockdown

Muduli

Kumar

Kanuri

et al. 2021

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The first two components together account for 86% of the total variance, indicating method high explanatory power of the method. It was far better than other similar studies around the world 29,30,71,[73][74][75] . PC1 predominantly accounts for urban sewage pollution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Nitrate is a very common element in surface water since it is the end product of the aerobic decomposition of the organic nitrogenous compound 70,71 . Its sources are related to landscape composition, being influenced by both agricultural and urban uses 72 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality assessment based on multivariate statistics and water quality index of a strategic river in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Costa

Azevedo

Santos

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Fifty-four water samples were collected between July and December 2019 at nine monitoring stations and fifteen parameters were analysed to provide an updated diagnosis of the Piabanha River water quality. Further, forty years of monitoring were analysed, including government data and previous research projects. A georeferenced database was also built containing water management data. The Water Quality Index from the National Sanitation Foundation (WQINSF) was calculated using two datasets and showed an improvement in overall water quality, despite still presenting systematic violations to Brazilian standards. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed the most contributing parameters to water quality and enabled its association with the main pollution sources identified in the geodatabase. PCA showed that sewage discharge is still the main pollution source. The cluster analysis (CA) made possible to recommend the monitoring network optimization, thereby enabling the expansion of the monitoring to other rivers. Finally, the diagnosis provided by this research establishes the first step towards the Framing of water resources according to their intended uses, as established by the Brazilian National Water Resources Policy.

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“…Riverine freshwater is a major natural resource for ecological sustainability (Rai 2008). Organic and inorganic contaminants or pollutants may enter in the riverine or estuarine systems from a wide range of anthropogenic sources like industrial and domestic e uents (Amman et al 2002), storm and surface water run-off , agriculture and aquaculture run-off (Ghosh et al 2016;Mitra et al 2018a) and natural processes like biogeochemical cycle (Garrett 2000), chemical leaching of bedrocks and water drainage basins (Zhou et al 2008), sediment resuspension and ground water in ow (González-Ortegón et al 2019). Among the organic and inorganic contaminants of water, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are drawing added attention due to their non-biodegradable nature and accumulation potential through tropic levels causing a long-term effect on eco system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal distribution of potentially toxic elements in the lower Gangetic delta and their implications for non-carcinogenic health risk management

Ghosh

Bakshi

Mahanty

et al. 2021

Preprint

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River Hooghly, an offshoot of river Ganges is one of the major rivers of Asia having traditional, social, economic, religious and spiritual values. Water samples were collected from eighteen sampling locations of river Hooghly during summer, monsoon, and winter season, and analysed for basic physico-chemical properties and selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Several PTEs such as Al, Fe, Ni and Pb were above the permissible limits, prescribed by national and international guidelines. The trend of variation in the mean PTE concentrations showed the following order: Cd < Pb < Co < Cr < Ni < Cu < Zn < Mn < Fe. Due to the presence of high total dissolve solid (TDS) and PTE contents, the water quality of river Hooghly is not suitable for direct human consumption. The evaluated Water Quality Index (WQI) value showed a distinct spatio-temporal variation indicating very severe condition of water quality, which is deteriorating gradually from upstream to downstream. In summer, monsoon and winter, the highest WQI values were observed in Maushuni Island (S15), Petuaghat (S18) and Tapoban (S17) respectively. However, the non-carcinogenic human health risk in terms of Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index values of PTEs indicates no immediate adverse impact on human health due to exposure of PTE contaminated water from river Hooghly through ingestion or dermal route. Though these risk values for children were higher than adults warranting the adoption of a long-term management plan to cope with potential human health risks. The result suggests implementation of a combination of stringent socio-legal regulations and software based models for sustainable water related health risk management in river Hooghly.

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Water quality assessment of the ecologically stressed Hooghly River Estuary, India: A multivariate approach

Cited by 80 publications

References 46 publications

Water quality assessment of the Ganges River during COVID-19 lockdown

Water quality assessment of the Ganges River during COVID-19 lockdown

Water quality assessment based on multivariate statistics and water quality index of a strategic river in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Spatiotemporal distribution of potentially toxic elements in the lower Gangetic delta and their implications for non-carcinogenic health risk management

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