Water Quality Assessment of the Semenyih River, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the Semenyih River water quality based on the physicochemical and biological parameters. The sampling was conducted in dry and rainy seasons during 2012. Water samples were collected from 8 stations along the river and analyzed using standard methods. The results showed that temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, SO4, and TH were classified as class I, while DO, turbidity, and BOD were categorized under class II, and NH3-N, TSS, COD, and OG were categorized as class III based on NWQS, Malaysia. Moreover, NO3was classified under class IV, while PO4and FC were categorized as class V and exceeded the allowable threshold levels. Therefore, the river was slightly polluted with NH3-N, TSS, COD, and NO3, whereas it is extremely contaminated with PO4and FC. Furthermore, cluster analysis classified 8 sampling stations into three clusters based on similarities of water quality features. Furthermore, factor analysis of the water quality datasets generated three factors with total variance of 94.05% and pointed out that water quality deterioration in the river was associated with industrial and agricultural activities, livestock farming, and erosion. Therefore, the river water can be used for irrigation with precaution but extensive treatment needed before using for domestic purposes.

Heavy Metals and Water Quality Assessment Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques and Water Quality Index of the Semenyih River, Peninsular Malaysia

“…Rivertaking into consideration; that it receives highlevels temperature values of the eight stations showed less of wastewater from random settlements [13]. Stations 4,5,6 variation, ranging from 25.25°C at station 1 to 27.18°C at and 7 showed relatively high NO and PO contents; station 8.…”

“…CA yielded a dendrogram O&G, NH N and BOD which recognized as pollutants link max 4 3 3 derived from anthropogenic sources like agricultural erosion of road edges due to surface runoff, clearing of runoff and domestic wastewater. Cluster 2 consisted of lands and agricultural runoff [13,46,47]. In addition, the TH, Pb, Mn, Cr, Cd and Ni.…”

“…In addition, the TH, Pb, Mn, Cr, Cd and Ni. Principally, Cd and Ni are conversion of forest or agricultural land to urban areas derived from anthropogenic sources such as discharges has indeed caused large negative impacts on the of mining activities, while total hardness mostly derived ecosystem of Semenyih basin in the form of mud flood, from lithogenic sources as well as Cr and Mn is derived landslide and river floods [13]. The presence of NO , from lithogenic and anthropogenic sources (hardness is NO , SO ) and PO are due to agricultural runoff such not associate with pollutant, normally cause by natural as livestock waste and fertilizers [16], as well as PO is rock/sediment in the area, its significant effect is on metal an important constituent of detergentsthat discharge into toxicity).…”

“…More than 150 river systems present in Hulu Langat [13,15]. In addition, it flows southwards Malaysia, 100 of themlocated in Peninsular Malaysia while toward Hulu Langat and Sepang.…”

“…from human activities including random settlements. According to literature [13], Semenyih River has been Station 5 was situated in the Semenyih City in which classified as slightly polluted. Additionally, Semenyih pollution was contributed by the urban activity as well as River is one of the important rivers in Malaysia which domestic and industrial effluents.…”