Water quality assessment of river Hindon at Ghaziabad, India: impact of industrial and urban wastewater

Abstract

River Hindon is a major source of water to the highly populated and predominantly rural population of western Uttar Pradesh, India. The main goal of the present study was to assess the impact of urban and industrial activities on the water quality of river Hindon at the Ghaziabad. For this, river water samples were collected from six different sites all along the route of Hindon main streamline and its branch and were analyzed for pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH) and calcium hardness (Ca-H), chemical oxygen (COD) demand, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (D.O.), sulphate (as SO(4)(2-)), nitrate (as NO(3)(-)) and chloride (Cl-) levels. There were drastic variations for EC (0.83-5.04 ms), turbidity (28.7-109.3 NTU), TDS (222.2-2426.3 mg l(-1)), SO(4) (36.4-162.4 mg l(-1)), NO(3) (106-245 mg l(-1)), TA (347.0-596.3 mg l(-1)), TH (235.1-459.9 mg l(-1)), Ca-H (64.5-402.2 mg l(-1)), BOD (27-51 mg l(-1)) and COD (85.0-337.4 mg l(-1)) levels at different sites. Water pollution indicating parameters were manifold higher than the prescribed limit by the National Pollution Control Agency, i.e. CPCB. This is the first study on itself and the interrelationship of human activities and river water quality makes the study significant and interesting to assess the pollution load discharges in catchments of Hindon at Ghaziabad. Overall, the water quality of Hindon was relatively poor with respect to its use for domestic purposes.

Using high-throughput sequencing to assess the impacts of treated and untreated wastewater discharge on prokaryotic communities in an urban river

“…The rapid development of megacities, especially in Africa and Asia, has led to a deterioration in the quality of many surface waters (Heeb et al 2012;Suthar et al 2010). Wastewater discharge is the primary cause of this deterioration, which can be particularly acute during drought periods.…”

“…Wastewater discharge is the primary cause of this deterioration, which can be particularly acute during drought periods. Most of the previous studies for the effects of wastewater discharge on surface water quality have focused on conventional and trace chemical agents, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, and heavy metals (Li et al 2008;Ort et al 2009;Pernet-Coudrier et al 2012;Suthar et al 2010;Tsuzuki et al 2010;Zhang et al 2011), while few data have been collected on the effects to prokaryotic communities. This lack of detailed microbiological information represents a major gap in the overall understanding of the impacts of wastewater on aquatic ecosystems since prokaryotic communities play a fundamental role in the biodegradation and biotransformation of chemical compounds.…”

Hydrochemical characteristics and planktonic composition assessment of River Henwal in Himalayan Region of Uttarakhand using CPI, Simpson's and Shannon-Weaver Index

“…10.31 was observed during monsoon at site-3 and lowest was observed at control site (4.70) in comparison to other sites. A considerable lot of the analysts detailed the comparable condition for Hindon stream which starts from upper Shivalik Himalayan area close to the Saharanpur locale of U.P., India (Suthar, 2010;Sharma, 2014;Mishra, 2015). The seasonal variation in pollution level at all four sites reveals that there has been dilution or reduction in pollution load during monsoon season as compared to other season, except at site-3.…”

Assessment of Physico-Chemical Characters and Heavy Metal Distribution Along the Panchganga River, Ms, India

“…[30] The good level of DO at the Piral site is an indicator of high re-aeration rates as well as rapid aerobic oxidation of biological substances. [31] The DO concentrations in surface waters may also vary due to the stream gradient and the nature of the river bed and the rate of primary productivity.…”