Water quality and water pollution control in Switzerland

Jaag, Otto

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(72)90049-3

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…After 1970, many articles examine pollution and its forms considered to be particularly pronounced in cities. Until the early 1990s the focus was mostly on water pollution (Jaag, 1972;Jusi, 1989), air pollution (Cao, 1989;Johnsen and Søchting, 1973) and heavy metal pollution (Johnson et al, 1978), in particular in relation to industrial activities (Figure 5). Links between urban development and pollution are described and asserted by ecologists; for example, zoologists Dallinger et al (1992) begin their article on terrestrial isopods by stating that '[e]nvironmental pollution by toxic metals is widespread in urban areas' (p. 32).…”

Section: Mean Distance Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This opposition between nature (represented as ‘good’) and the city (perceived as ‘bad’) has been said to have characterised fields such as environmental ethics and environmental philosophy (de-Shalit, 2003; Gunn, 1998; Jameson, 2003; Light, 2001), biogeography (Head and Muir, 2006), environmental history (Cronon, 1992; Melosi, 1993) and political ecology (Heynen et al, 2006), as well as environmental movements:In the development of the modern environmental movement in the 1960s and 1970s, it became fashionable to consider everything to do with cities as bad and everything to do with wilderness as good. Cities are polluted, dirty, artificial, and lack wildlife; therefore, urban environments are bad.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is ecology anti-urban? Urban ideas and imaginaries across one hundred years of ecological publications

Flaminio

Cavin

Moretti

2022

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space

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This paper investigates urban imaginaries conveyed in publications in ecology over the past century. We examine some urban ecologists’ view that urban areas have been disregarded by ecology due to negative views on cities and urbanisation. Inspired by previous work on imaginaries in social and cultural geography and political ecology, and by textual data analysis methods, we adopted a methodological framework that applies both quantitative and qualitative methods in the analysis of a corpus of 960 articles (published 1922–2018) drawn from 10 long-standing international journals in ecology. Our hypothesis is that ecology has embraced an anti-urban imaginary that is manifested in urban invisibility as well as the recurrent expression of negative ideas about cities (constituting an ‘anti-urban bias’). Our results partially confirm this hypothesis. We show that until the 1970s only a few papers were published on cities. We identify nine main themes relating to cities around which ideas about cities have been constructed (threats, pests, refuges, fragmentation, gradients, pollution, homogenisation, planetary urbanisation, and planning) and show how these ideas have been mobilised in the articles since the 1920s. We discuss the way in which these evolving ideas reflect a move from an essentially anti-urban imaginary to a more complex and ambivalent one. This shift coincides with the rise of the idea of planetary urbanisation in ecological publications, increasing recommendations regarding urban planning, and more generally, growing conceptual debates on the ecological impact of cities.

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